Applications:
cadastre, traffic, environment, infrastructure, marketing, health, security, emergency
Maps:
volunteered geographic information, generalization, representation, resolution/scale, visualization
Geographic database:
data acquisition, multi-dimensional database, transactional (traditional) database, geospatial database, geometric data, temporal data, query, metadata, modelling, navigation/drilling, ontologies and data dictionaries, data quality, data structure, decision support system
Matrix data:
geo-rectification, digital terrain model, photogrammetry, remote sensing
Interoperability:
encoding (data format and transformation), discovery and access, data integration (semantically and geometrically), standardization, Sensor Web, Web services
Processing:
algorithm, spatial analysis, reasoning (spatial and semantic), geographic information system
Positioning:
GPS, coordinate reference systems, CRS transformation
Social and legal aspects:
rights and restrictions, ethics and privacy
New technologies