Canadian Minerals Yearbook (CMY) - 2008

Copper

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Printable version – PDF (173 kb)

Maureen Coulas

The author is with the Minerals and Metals Sector
Natural Resources Canada.
Telephone: 613-992-4093
E-mail: maureen.coulas@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca

HIGHLIGHTS

• In 2008, four Canadian copper-producing mines closed (Langlois, Lac des Iles, Copper Rand, and Fabie Bay), one new mine opened (Perseverence), and two mines completed major expansions (Gibraltar and Minto).
• Strike action and processing problems in 2008 reduced Canadian refined copper output to 443 700 t, compared to 453 500 t in 2007.
• A surge in Chinese imports in 2009 has abated a declining price trend in the second half of 2008. Prices reached a high of US$4.03/lb and ended the year at US$1.32/lb.
• The International Copper Study Group forecasts a surplus of refined copper in 2009 and 2010.

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RECENT WORLD COPPER DATA

	2006	2007	2008	2007/06	2008/07
	(000 tonnes)			(% change)
Mine production	14 990	15 464	15 450	3.2	-0.1
Primary refined production	14 700	15 221	15 567	3.5	2.3
Secondary refined production	2 595	2 724	2 678	5.0	-1.7
Total refined production	17 295	17 945	18 245	3.8	1.7
Usage (consumption)	17 042	18 175	18 011	6.6	-0.9
Refined balance (1)	253	-230	234	n.a.	n.a.
Refined stocks at year-end (2)	1 131	1 027	1 165	. .	. .

Source: International Copper Study Group May 2009 bulletin.
. . Not available; n.a. Not applicable.
(1) Surplus or deficit is calculated using total refined production minus refined usage.
(2) Includes producer, consumer, government, exchange, and merchant stocks.

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LME COPPER PRICES

	2005	2006	2007	2008
Cash US¢/lb	167	305	323	316
Cash US$/t	3 678	6 721	7 117	6 955
3 months US$/t	3 504	6 665	7 088	6 887
15 months US$/t	2 982	6 038	6 650	6 685
27 months US$/t	2 732	5 383	6 083	6 472

Source: Bloomsbury Minerals Economics Ltd.

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RECENT CANADIAN COPPER DATA

	2006	2007	2008 (p)
	(tonnes)
Mine output (1)	603 295	596 249	606 999
Primary production (2)	586 489	577 545	583 376
Reported mine production (3)	607 380	591 390	599 380
Refined production	500 463	453 453	443 650
Domestic shipments	241 851	194 332	185 240
Refined imports	58 715	11 715	11 654
Apparent usage (4)	300 566	206 047	196 894
Refined exports	279 946	297 713	289 971

Source: Natural Resources Canada (NRCan).
(p) Preliminary.
(1) Metal content in concentrates produced based on NRCan surveys.
(2) Recoverable metal in concentrates shipped based on NRCan surveys.
(3) Reported copper mine production is taken from company reports and is a mixture of copper in concentrates produced and payable copper in concentrates, depending upon the company. (4) Usage = domestic shipments + refined imports.
Note: NRCan data are rounded to the nearest 100 t, except for reported copper mine production, which is rounded to the nearest 1000 t.

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Copper is the third-ranking metal produced and used in the world, behind aluminum and steel. Total refined copper production in 2008 was reported at 18.3 Mt. Of this amount, 15%, or 2.7 Mt, was produced from recycled sources (see also the Recent World Copper Data table on this page).

Copper prices rallied during the first half of 2008 and then declined steadily in the second half in response to weak demand and the onset of the global financial crisis. The daily London Metal Exchange (LME) cash settlement price reached a high of US$4.03/lb on April 10 and a low of US$1.26/lb on December 24. Despite the steep downward trend in prices during the second half of the year, the 2008 LME cash settlement price for copper of US$3.16/lb (US$6995/t) was only 2% lower than the 2007 average of US$3.23/lb.

CANADIAN PRODUCTION SUMMARY

The locations of Canadian mines and metallurgical operations that produced copper in 2008 can be viewed by using Natural Resources Canada’s Interactive Maps tool at http://mmsd.mms.nrcan.gc.ca/stat-stat/map-car/index-eng.aspx.

Mined copper production data for each mine in Canada that produced copper for 2006, 2007, and 2008 are detailed in the table on p. 16.3.

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CANADIAN MINES PRODUCING COPPER IN CONCENTRATE, 2006-08

Name of Mine	Operator	2006	2007	2008
		(tonnes)
Brunswick	Noranda Inc.	8 800	8 800	7 000
Copper Rand (includes Joe Mann)	Campbell Resources Inc.	200	1 900	2 850
Duck Pond	Aur Resources Inc.	–	12 000	13 000
Gibraltar (McLeese Lake)	Taseko Mines Limited	22 300	24 770	26 700
Gibraltar  SX/EW	Taseko Mines Limited	–	1 090	1 500
Greenwood gold mine	Merit Mining Corp.	–	–	400
Fabie Bay	First Metals Inc.	–	–	5 000
Highland Valley	Teck Cominco	171 300	139 560	119 200
Huckleberry	Imperial Metals Corp.	32 000	25 000	16 900
Hudson Bay 777	HudBay Minerals Inc.	56 700	45 800	45 000
Hudson Bay Trout Lake	HudBay Minerals Inc.	–	8 500	6 500
Lac des Iles	North Amercian Palladium Ltd.	2 340	2 500	2 100
Kemess South	Northgate Exploration Limited	36 800	30 900	23 500
Kidd Creek	Xstrata plc	50 400	46 600	42 700
Montcalm	Xstrata plc	5 680	5 580	5 500
Mouska	Iamgold	–	–	300
Langlois	Breakwater Resources	–	1 300	2 000
LaRonde	Agnico-Eagle	7 300	7 480	6 920
Minto	Capstone Mining Corp.	–	4 730	20 870
Mount Polley	Imperial Metals Corp.	25 200	23 400	27 400
Myra Falls	Breakwater Resources	8 480	6 100	5 000
Perserverance	Xstrata plc	–	–	3 800
Raglan	Xstrata plc	6 280	6 730	6 400
Clarabelle mill output (1)	Vale Inco	120 000	122 000	129 000
Sudbury Division Strathcona mill output	Xstrata plc	22 700	21 850	19 140
Troilus	Inmet Mining	2 900	2 800	5 700
Voisey's Bay	Vale Inco	28 000	42 000	55 000
Total		607 380	591 390	599 380

Source: Author's calculations based on company reports.
– Nil.
(1) In 2008, included output from the Copper Cliff, Creighton, Stobie, Garson, McCreedy/East Coleman, and Gertrude mines, plus three mines owned by FNX Mining Company Inc.

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Mined copper output of 607 000 t in 2008 represented a 1.8% increase over 2007 output of 596 000 t as increased production from new mines and expansions outpaced declines following suspensions at some operations in the latter part of the year. A breakdown of mine production by province and territory is shown in Table 1 at the end of this chapter. The provincial breakdown indicates that, year on year, mined copper output increased in Newfoundland and Labrador (10%), Quebec (53%), and the Yukon (605%), and declined in New Brunswick (16%), Manitoba (7%), Ontario (3%), and British Columbia (11%). Increases in copper output from Voisey’s Bay, Minto, Troilus, and Mount Polley, and the start-up of the Perseverance mine, were offset by declines at Kemess South, Highland Valley, Huckleberry, Myra Falls, and Xstrata’s Sudbury Division, and by suspensions at several smaller producers. Details on significant developments at individual operations are discussed in the Canadian Developments section.

Based on data reported to Natural Resources Canada via monthly surveys, 2008 refined copper production totaled 443 700 t, compared with 453 500 t in 2007. Output at the CCR refinery was 8% higher in 2008, but output at the Kidd Creek refinery declined by 32% due to strike action and an extended maintenance shut-down (see Canadian Developments section). The refined copper data also include cathodes produced at Taseko Mining’s SX/EW¹ plant and at Vale Inco’s Sudbury operations SX/EW plant.

CANADIAN DEVELOPMENTS

In April, Vale announced a series of measures at its Canadian operations in response to low nickel prices. These included an indefinite shut-down of the Copper Cliff south mine as of January 2009 and a one-month shut-down of the Voisey’s Bay mine in July. Despite the extended shut-down, mined copper from Voisey’s Bay increased by 24% to 55 000 t in 2008.

Refined copper production at the Kidd Creek metallurgical facility declined significantly in 2008 as the result of an unplanned three-week outage to reduce dependence on marginal offshore concentrate feed in addition to a scheduled maintenance shut-down, as well as a 36-day strike. These outages contributed to a 32% reduction in cathode output in 2008 compared to 2007.

HudBay Minerals Inc. reported copper anode production of 75 000 t from its Flin Flon copper smelter, compared to 90 000 t in 2007. HudBay decided early in 2008 to operate the copper smelter at a reduced rate and forego processing third-party concentrates, which the company said it could not secure at economic terms. Third-party concentrate typically supplies about 40% of the smelters’ annual feed requirements. Other factors cited in the decision to reduce concentrate throughput were the need to meet new sulphur dioxide (SO₂) emissions targets under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) and the need to create a window to process a stockpile of 15 000 t of spent anode from the company’s copper refinery in White Pine, Michigan. During a teleconference with analysts in early 2009, HudBay stated that a filtration plant and concentrate load-out facility was being installed at the copper facility, which would allow HudBay the flexibility to close the smelter should it make business sense to do so and to send copper concentrate produced at HudBay’s Manitoba mines offshore if necessary.

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¹ Solvent extraction/electrowinning (SX/EW) is a two-stage process that first extracts and upgrades copper ions from low-grade leach solutions into a concentrated electrolyte, and then deposits pure copper onto cathodes using an electrolytic procedure.

In October, Breakwater Resources Limited announced a suspension of operations at the Langlois mine in Quebec and a scaling back of operations at the Myra Falls mine in British Columbia. Declining commodity prices and the deteriorating economic outlook generally were cited as reasons for the cutbacks.

In October, North American Palladium Ltd. announced that it would temporarily place its Lac des Iles mine on care and maintenance due to declining metal prices. The Lac des Iles mine, located near Thunder Bay, Ontario, produces palladium and by-product nickel, copper, gold, and platinum. Its output in 2008 was 2097 t of copper in concentrate.

Poor metal prices and tight credit markets also led to a decision by Campbell Resources Inc. to suspend operations at the Copper Rand mine near Chibougamau, Quebec, at the end of December. Operating problems and declining metal prices also resulted in the suspension of operations at the Fabie Bay mine near Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec, owned by First Metals Inc., and at Merit Mining Corporation’s Greenwood Gold operation in British Columbia.

Production at Xstrata plc’s Perseverance zinc-copper mine located near Matagami, Quebec, commenced on July 1. The mine is expected to produce about 8750 t of copper in concentrate over five years.

In its 2008 Annual Report, Xstrata plc stated that the volume of recycled feeds processed at the Horne smelter in 2008 increased by 7% to 127 800 t. In January, Xstrata Copper announced plans to double the Horne smelter’s capacity to process electronic scrap from 50 000 t/y to 100 000 t/y by 2010.

Taseko Mines Limited completed Phase 1 of a mill expansion project at the Gibraltar mine in February. In a press release announcing its 2008 operating results, the company stated that, by the fourth quarter of 2008, the targeted daily concentrator throughput rate of 46 000 t had been achieved and, by February 2009, operating costs had declined from US$2.00/lb to US$1.13/lb of copper. Taseko announced in December that it would proceed with Phase 2 of the expansion in 2009 under a modified 24-month operating plan that would target maintaining cash operating costs at US$1.15/lb or lower. The Phase 2 expansion will raise the concentrator’s capacity to 55 000 t/d. The company also announced that work towards a Phase 3 expansion to 85 000 t/d has been deferred as a result of the credit market conditions and the copper market outlook.

Capstone Mining Corporation achieved several operating and exploration milestones in the development of its 100%-owned Minto mine in the Yukon. In 2008, the company completed two expansions of the processing facilities, increasing milling capacity to 3200 t/d by the first quarter of 2009. A very successful drilling program has resulted in a 32% increase in contained copper in the estimated measured and indicated mineral resource estimate. Among the 2009 exploration results is the discovery of a high-grade copper-gold zone named "Minto North" located 600 m north-northwest of the current open-pit mine. As of June 2009, measured and indicated reserves at the Minto mine totaled 29 Mt grading 1.22% copper, 0.46% gold, and 4.4 g/t silver (at a 0.5% copper cut-off grade). Capstone is conducting a Phase 4 expansion study that would include considering an increase in mill throughput to the 4000-5000 t/d range.

MARKET REVIEW AND OUTLOOK

Smelter Treatment and Refining Charges

Long-term concentrate treatment and refining charges (TC/RCs²) fell further in 2008 as the deficit in the global concentrates production/consumption balance that emerged in 2006 persisted throughout 2008. Annual contract TC/RCs for 2008 deliveries under long-term contracts (c.i.f. Japan delivery basis) averaged US$45/t and 7.0¢/lb, down from the 2007 average of US$60/t and 9.4¢/lb.

Average spot TC/RCs edged up slightly, but remained at historically low levels relative to the average yearly copper metal price. The average spot TC/RCs (c.i.f. Shanghai delivery basis) was US$36/t and 6.0¢/lb for 2008, compared with US$26/t and 4¢/lb in 2007. The concentrates market is expected to move from a deficit to a surplus position in 2009; consequently, a modest recovery in TC/RCs over 2009/2010 is forecast.

Global Supply/Demand and Price Outlook

The year-on-year percentage changes in world copper usage or demand over the period 2006-08 highlight one of the fundamentals underlying the declining trend in copper prices seen in the second half of 2008. Strong demand from China in 2006 and 2007 masked negative demand growth in Japan, the United States, and Europe, keeping stocks low and supporting prices. In 2008, Chinese demand slowed substantially compared to 2007 and demand weakened further in virtually every other major copper-consuming region.

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WORLD COPPER USAGE BY REGION/COUNTRY

	2006	2007	2008	2007/06	2008/07
	(000 tonnes)			(% change)
United States	2 130	2 137	1 952	0.3	-8.7
Other America	1 206	1 081	1 112	-10.4	2.9
Europe	5 267	5 141	4 911	-2.4	-4.5
Japan	1 282	1 252	1 184	-2.3	-5.4
China	3 604	4 957	5 199	37.5	4.9
Other Asia	3 172	3 192	3 215	0.6	0.7
Oceania	143	148	152	3.5	2.7
Africa	237	267	286	12.7	7.1
Total world	17 041	18 175	18 011	6.7	-0.9
World excluding China	13 437	13 218	12 812	-1.6	-3.1

Source: International Copper Study Group, May 2008 bulletin, Tables 2 and 7.

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ACTUAL AND FORECAST WORLD COPPER SUPPLY AND DEMAND

	2007	2008	2009	2010	08/07	09/08	10/09
	(000 t)				(% change year on year)
Mine production	15 464	15 450	16 035	17 239	-0.1	3.8	7.5
Refined production	17 945	18 244	17 574	18 751	1.7	-3.7	6.7
Copper usage	18 175	17 995	17 230	18 333	-1.0	-4.3	6.4
Refined copper balance (1)	-230	249	344	418

Source:  International Copper Study Group, 2009-2010 forecast issued April 21, 2009.
(1)  Refined production minus copper usage.

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A supply/demand balance forecast for 2009 and 2010 released by the International Copper Study Group (ICSG) in April 2009 indicates that the world refined copper supply in 2008 grew by 1.7% as world copper demand declined by 1%, resulting in a modest surplus in refined copper of 249 000 t, which is the first global refined copper surplus recorded since 2002. The ICSG forecasts a surplus in 2009 and 2010. Other analysts are forecasting more modest surpluses and/or a possible return to deficit beyond 2010 on the expectation that global demand for copper will accelerate and that supply growth will not keep pace in the near term.

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² TC/RCs are the amounts charged by smelters to miners to smelt copper concentrates and to produce refined copper. Treatment charges are expressed as a dollar amount per tonne of concentrate received. Refining charges are expressed as a dollar amount per pound of copper contained in the concentrate received. TC/RCs are deducted from the value of the metal in concentrates paid by the smelter to the miner.

What this trend means for the future direction of prices is extremely difficult to predict. There is a growing consensus that, since the start of the most recent price rally in mid-2005, other factors beyond
supply demand fundamentals are influencing copper prices, principal among these being the sustained interest in copper as an investment vehicle. Going forward, demand from China will continue to be the key driver. A surge in imports of refined copper into China pushed copper prices up by 70% between January 2 and June 10, 2009. This surge in demand for cathode from Chinese buyers could merely represent short-term re-stocking and a temporary substituting of cathode for scrap, supplies of which dried up in the latter part of 2008 as prices fell and new scrap volumes declined as the result of reduced industrial production. Should actual usage of copper in China fail to materialize over the balance of the year and Chinese demand slows in the absence of a rebound in demand growth in other major consuming regions, there is the potential for a dramatic decline in prices over the second half of 2009. Most analysts are forecasting declining prices in the second half of 2009 and an average price for the year of around US$1.60-$1.80/lb. Into 2010, the fundamentals of relatively low stocks, a recovery in demand, and a modest forecast growth in supply support a strengthening of prices back above the US$2.00/lb level.

OTHER COPPER INFORMATION

Applications

Copper is used in many applications. Due to its high electrical conductivity, a primary application of copper is wire and cable used to carry power and signals. The high conductivity means good efficiency, and good corrosion resistance means that copper is a very good electrical conductor. High conductivity means a smaller cross-section for wires relative to other metals, which is important for small motors, hand tools, and crowded conduit spaces. However, in long-distance transmission lines, the heavier density of copper relative to conductivity means that aluminum is preferred to copper as the current-carrying metal for such lines.

Copper also has a high thermal conductivity that makes it a leading competitor for heat exchangers such as automotive radiators and those used for solar heating. More information about the applications of copper can be found on the web sites of various copper development organizations. An extensive review of applications is available at www.copperinfo.com/cproducts/index.html.

Copper Use in Canada

Canadian copper use is not surveyed on an annual basis. Apparent use can be calculated by adding the imports of refined copper to the reported domestic shipments of copper producers. For 2008, as noted in the Canadian data table on page 1 of this chapter, these data were 11 700 t of refined imports plus 185 200 t of producers’ domestic shipments.

Other Information Sources on Copper Use in Canada

The Canadian Copper & Brass Development Association (CCBDA) assists copper and copper alloy users on many matters, including technical information. Its web site contains technical information that can be ordered on-line for such topics as alloy castings, tubing, forgings, etc. Technical assistance and library services are also available. The membership includes both users and producers of copper. Companies making wire, tubes, rod, plumbing fixtures, castings, and forgings are among those that are members of the CCBDA. The Association’s web site can be found at www.ccbda.org.

The Canadian Association of Recycling Industries is the national organization of recycling industries, of which metal recycling, and copper recycling in particular, is an important component. The Association represents companies through the entire chain of recycling from scrap collection to processing and utilization (www.cari-acir.org).

The Canadian Foundry Association (CFA), formed in 1975, is the national association of foundries in Canada. Its members include brass and bronze foundries. The CFA’s web site, located at www.foundry association.ca, contains a membership list with links to the members’ web sites (click on "Member Profiles"). In addition, Industry Canada maintains a web site that allows searches for companies engaged in the semi-fabrication of metals and fabrication metals, including copper and copper alloys. The Canadian Company Capabilities (CCC) data base can be searched using terms such as "copper," "brass" or "bronze." The site is located at http://www.ic.gc.ca/app/ccc/srch/cccBscSrch.do;jsessionid=0000Zh2Rz9PBLaEPCfBNxx98sxz:1247nks53?prtl=1&lang=eng.

Other Sources of Copper Information

Much more information is available on copper supply, demand, and uses, as well as on the health and environmental aspects of copper. Good sources of information on production are the web sites of those companies that produce copper. Securities information is available from SEDAR, the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (see www.sedar.com).

Production, trade, and capacity data are published by the International Copper Study Group, a group that consists of 25 countries served by a secretariat in Lisbon, Portugal. Various publications are sold. The ICSG Copper Bulletin is a monthly publication. Yearly subscriptions are available. In addition, the ICSG sells a Directory of Copper Mines and Plants spanning a five‑year period. Details of these and other publications are available at www.icsg.org in the "Publications" section.

The International Copper Association (ICA) maintains a web site, located at www.copperinfo.com/index4.shtml with information about:

• copper products: building products, consumer and electronic items, transportation, agriculture, industrial applications, and machinery and future applications;
• energy efficiency: air conditioners and refrigerators, copper bus bars, motors, power cables, solar energy, transformers, and case studies;
• health and nutrition: aquatic life, biological importance, copper deficiency, copper research, information flow project, drinking water, good health with copper, plant and animal health, pregnancy and infants, public health benefits, quick facts, and ICA research;
• environment: climate change mitigation, copper research, information flow project, energy conservation, natural presence, recycling, sustainability, and ICA research; and
• about copper: copper alloys, copper exchanges, copper markets, copper mining, and copper products.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is another source of detailed information on the world copper industry. The copper information available includes yearly reviews, monthly articles, and an annual summary. The copper portal for the USGS is located at http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/ commodity/copper.

Information about copper use is available from the International Wrought Copper Council (IWCC). The site, located at www.coppercouncil.org, has links to member companies and organizations.

A NOTE ON STATISTICS BASED ON "PRODUCTION" VS. "SHIPMENTS"

Canadian statistics include a report of "mine production" (which is actually mill or concentrator production) that represents the total amount of copper produced in concentrates by Canadian mines. However, Canadian statistics also include a "primary production" figure, which is actually the total amount of copper contained in concentrates that is shipped from the mine site in a year. This measure of production is less widely used and is not consistent with the definitions used by the ICSG; Canadian "mine production" data are consistent with the ICSG definition.

The preliminary estimate for 2008 shipments of copper in concentrates ("primary production") was 583 376 t, which is less than the over 606 999 t of copper in concentrates reported as being produced in 2008. The production data are usually higher than shipments as production relates to the total content of copper in concentrates produced whereas the shipments data relate to the estimated recoverable copper in concentrates shipped. In certain instances, material produced at the end of one year may not be shipped until the next year, causing a further difference between the data series.

Companies may show production data that report the total amount of copper contained in the concentrates produced in a year or the "payable production" may be shown. The latter reflects the amount of copper for which the mine is paid by the custom smelter. The deduction reflects the inability of the smelters to achieve 100% recoverability of the copper in the feed material. For some operations that report payable production, it is possible to calculate the production of copper contained if one knows the tonnage of ore processed, the copper grade of the material processed, and the recovery factor at the mill.

Notes: (1) For definitions and valuation of mineral production, shipments and trade, please refer to Chapter 58. (2) Information in this review was current as of June 10, 2009. Some information on developments related to Canadian projects that occurred in 2009 has been included. (3) Various Internet sites have been identified in this article. Please note that Natural Resources Canada has no control over the content of the web sites of other organizations, which may be modified, updated or deleted at any time. (4) This and other reviews, including previous editions, are available on the Internet at www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/mms-smm/busi-indu/cmy-amc/com-eng.htm.

Note to Readers

The intent of this document is to provide general information and to elicit discussion. It is not intended as a reference, guide or suggestion to be used in trading, investment, or other commercial activities. The author and Natural Resources Canada make no warranty of any kind with respect to the content and accept no liability, either incidental, consequential, financial or otherwise, arising from the use of this document.

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TARIFFS

Item No.	Description	Canada			United States	EU	Japan
		MFN	GPT	USA	Canada	Conventional Rate (1)	WTO (2)
26.03	Copper ores and concentrates	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free
26.04	Nickel ores and concentrates	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free
26.07	Lead ores and concentrates	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free
26.08	Zinc ores and concentrates	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free
2616.10	Precious metal ores and concentrates: silver ores and concentrates	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free
2620.30	Slag, ash and residues (other than from the manufacture of iron or steel) containing metals, arsenic or their compounds: containing mainly copper	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free
2825.50	Hydrazine and hydroxylamine and their inorganic salts; other inorganic bases; other metal oxides, hydroxides and peroxides: copper oxides and hydroxides	Free	Free	Free	Free	3.2%	4.8%
2833.25	Sulphates; alums; peroxosulphates (persulphates): other sulphates: of copper	Free-5.5%	Free	Free	Free	3.2%	3.9%
2836.99	Carbonates; peroxocarbonates (percarbonates); commercial ammonium carbonate containing ammonium carbamate: other: other	3.5%-Free	3%-Free	Free	Free	3.7-5.5%	3.3%
2837.19	Cyanides, cyanide oxides and complex cyanides: cyanides and cyanide oxides: other	Free	Free	Free	Free	5.5%	3.3%
3212.90	Pigments (including metallic powders and flakes) dispersed in non-aqueous media, in liquid or paste form, of a kind used in the manufacture of paints (including enamels); stamping foils; dyes and other colouring matter put up in forms or packings for retail sale: other	Free-3%	Free	Free	Free	6.5%	2.1-4.1%
74.01	Copper mattes; cement copper (precipitated copper)	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free
74.02	Unrefined copper; copper anodes for electrolytic refining	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free-3%
74.03	Refined copper and copper alloys, unwrought
7403.11	Refined copper: cathodes and sections of cathodes	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free-3%
7403.12	Refined copper: wire-bars	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free-3%
7403.13	Refined copper: billets	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free-3%
7403.19	Refined copper: other	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free-3%
7403.21	Copper alloys: copper-zinc base alloys (brass)	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free
7403.22	Copper alloys: copper-tin base alloys (bronze)	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free-3%
7403.29	Copper alloys: other copper alloys (other than master alloys of heading 74.05)	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free-3%
74.04	Copper waste and scrap	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free
74.05	Master alloys of copper	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	3%
7406.10	Copper powders and flakes: powders of non-lamellar structure	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	3%
7406.20	Copper powders and flakes: powders of lamellar structure; flakes	Free	Free	Free	Free	Free	3%
74.07	Copper bars, rods and profiles
7407.10	Of refined copper	2.5-3%	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7407.21	Of copper alloys: of copper-zinc base alloys (brass)	Free-2%	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7407.29	Of copper alloys: other	2-3%	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
74.08	Copper wire
7408.11	Of refined copper: of which the maximum cross-sectional dimersion exceeds 6 mm	Free-3%	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7408.19	Of refined copper: other	3%	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7408.21	Of copper alloys: of copper-zinc base alloys (brass)	Free-3%	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7408.22	Of copper alloys: of copper-nickel base alloys (cupro-nickel) or copper-nickel-zinc base alloys (nickel silver)	2.5-3%	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7408.29	Of copper alloys: other	2.5-3%	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
74.09	Copper plates, sheets and strip, of a thickness exceeding 0.15 mm
7409.11	Of refined copper: in coils	Free	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7409.19	Of refined copper: other	Free	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7409.21	Of copper-zinc base alloys (brass): in coils	Free	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7409.29	Of copper-zinc base alloys (brass): other	Free	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7409.31	Of copper-tin base alloys (bronze): in coils	Free	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7409.39	Of copper-tin base alloys (bronze): other	Free	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7409.40	Of copper-nickel base alloys (cupro-nickel) or copper-nickel-zinc base alloys (nickel-silver)	Free	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7409.90	Of other copper alloys	Free	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
74.10	Copper foil (whether or not printed or backed with paper, paperboard, plastics or similar backing materials), of a thickness (excluding any backing) not exceeding 0.15 mm
7410.11	Not backed: of refined copper	Free	Free	Free	Free	5.2%	3%
7410.12	Not backed: of copper alloys	Free	Free	Free	Free	5.2%	3%
7410.21	Backed: of refined copper	Free	Free	Free	Free	5.2%	3%
7410.22	Backed: of copper alloys	Free	Free	Free	Free	5.2%	3%
74.11	Copper tubes and pipes
7411.10	Of refined copper	2.5%	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7411.21	Of copper alloys: of copper-zinc base alloys (brass)	2%	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7411.22	Of copper alloys: of copper-nickel base alloys (cupro-nickel) or copper-nickel-zinc base alloys (nickel silver)	2.5%	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
7411.29	Of copper alloys: other	2.5%	Free	Free	Free	4.8%	3%
74.12	Copper tube or pipe fittings (for example, couplings, elbows, sleeves)
7412.10	Of refined copper	3%	Free	Free	Free	5.2%	Free
7412.20	Of copper alloys	3%	Free	Free	Free	5.2%	Free
74.13	Stranded wire, cables, plaited bands and the like, of copper, not electrically insulated	3%	Free	Free	Free	5.2%	3%
74.15	Nails, tacks, drawing pins, staples (other than those of heading 83.05) and similar articles, of copper or of iron or steel with heads of copper; screws, bolts, nuts, screw hooks, rivets, cotters, cotter-pins, washers (including spring washers) and similar articles, of copper
7415.10	Nails and tacks, drawing pins staples and similar articles	2.5%	Free	Free	Free	4%	Free
7415.21	Other articles, not threaded: washers (including spring washers)	3%	Free	Free	Free	3%	Free
7415.29	Other articles, not threaded: other	3%	Free	Free	Free	3%	Free
7415.33	Other threaded articles: screws; bolts and nuts	Free-3%	Free	Free	Free	3%	Free
7415.39	Other threaded articles: other	3%	Free	Free	Free	3%	Free
74.18	Table, kitchen or other household articles and parts thereof, of copper; pot scourers and scouring or polishing pads, gloves and the like of copper; sanitary ware and parts thereof, of copper
7418.11	Pot scourers and scouring or polishing pads, gloves and the like	3%	Free	Free	Free	3%	Free
7418.19	Other	3%	Free	Free	Free	3-4%	Free
7418.20	Sanitary ware and parts thereof	3%	Free	Free	Free	3%	Free
74.19	Other articles of copper
7419.10	Chain and parts thereof	3%	Free	Free	Free	3%	Free
7419.91	Other: cast, moulded, stamped or forged, but not further worked	Free-3%	Free	Free	Free	3%	Free
7419.99	Other: other	Free-9.5%	Free-5%	Free	Free	3-4.3%	Free

Sources: Canadian Customs Tariff, effective January 2009, Canada Border Services Agency; Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, 2009; Official Journal of the European Union (Tariff Information), September 19, 2008 edition; Customs Tariff Schedules of Japan, 2009.
(1) The customs duties applicable to imported goods originating in countries that are Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or with which the European Community has concluded agreements containing the most-favoured-nation tariff clause shall be the conventional duties shown in column 3 of the Schedule of Duties. (2) WTO rate is shown; lower tariff rates may apply circumstantially.

---

TABLE 1.
CANADA, COPPER TRADE, 2006-08

Item No.		2006		2007		2008 (p)
		(tonnes)	($000)	(tonnes)	($000)	(tonnes)	($000)
MINE PRODUCTION (1)		603 295	. .	596 249	. .	604 857	. .
SHIPMENTS (2)
	Newfoundland and Labrador	27 002	206	62 580	479	69 025	527
	New Brunswick	9 596	73	8 906	68	7 477	57
	Quebec	18 555	141	21 607	165	33 102	253
	Ontario	187 804	1 431	180 992	1 385	186 462	1 423
	Manitoba	54 735	417	55 517	425	51 512	393
	Saskatchewan	1 242	9	–	–	–	–
	British Columbia	287 555	2 192	245 458	1 878	216 254	1 651
	Yukon	–	–	2 485	19	17 513	134
	Total	586 489	4 470	577 545	4 418	581 345	4 438
	Refined	500 463	. .	453 453	. .	442 050	. .
EXPORTS
2603.00.10	Copper ores and concentrates
	Japan	115 787	856 077	102 880	748 363	95 632	682 693
	Germany	37 853	78 326	29 434	150 601	70 845	250 300
	China	34 384	234 393	25 114	184 930	19 825	138 557
	South Korea	27 843	211 353	12 703	80 376	19 439	131 079
	United States	191	216	10 639	16 488	56 039	126 257
	Philippines	14 493	107 415	4 162	26 453	12 962	93 895
	Sweden	14 762	33 303	10 609	83 603	22 713	50 761
	Spain	2 940	23 494	6 506	47 099	12 702	49 990
	India	18 157	143 584	13 038	104 679	8 743	44 597
	Finland	1 885	16 025	1 033	9 094	1 499	10 485
	Other countries	11	50	4	34	11 013	8 902
	Total	268 306	1 704 236	216 122	1 451 720	331 412	1 587 516
2604.00.00.10, 2607.00.00.10, 2608.00.00.10, 2616.10.00.10	Silver ores and concentrates Copper content
	Sweden	–	–	–	–	17 966	36 906
	Finland	446	4 216	1 611	14 763	168	1 029
	Germany	–	–	1 078	9 309	44	361
	Belgium	–	–	1	5	23	203
	Other countries	80	435	1 001	7 800	1	29
	Total	526	4 651	3 691	31 877	18 202	38 528
2620.30	Copper ash and residues
	United States	318	1 838	204	952	319	1 210
2825.50	Copper oxides and hydroxides
	United Arab Emirates	–	–	. . .	. . .	–	–
	United States	–	–	24	179	–	–
	Total	–	–	24	179	–	–
2833.25	Copper sulphates
	United States	10 668	13 885	9 521	11 514	10 078	10 724
	United Arab Emirates	49	84	48	81	42	71
	Mexico	5	8	. . .	. . .	39	67
	South Korea	15	39	–	–	12	59
	Philippines	–	–	25	42	15	25
	Other countries	174	264	499	878	. . .	. . .
	Total	10 911	14 280	10 093	12 515	10 186	10 946
7401.00	Copper mattes; cement copper (precipitated copper)
	Norway	–	–	24 140	177 948	21 071	152 153
	Australia	–	–	15	76	235	1 127
	United States	–	–	158	678	–	–
	Total	–	–	24 313	178 702	21 306	153 280
7401.10	Copper mattes
	Norway	19 840	127 939	–	–	–	–
	United States	267	733	–	–	–	–
	Total	20 107	128 672	–	–	–	–
7402.00	Copper anodes
	United States	88 259	424 500	86 152	651 404	85 220	627 136
	Other countries	34	86	9 750	70 423	10	51
	Total	88 293	424 586	95 902	721 827	85 230	627 187
7403.11 and 7403.19	Refined copper and copper alloys, unwrought; refined copper
	United States	258 386	1 514 659	244 206	1 817 741	242 257	1 906 286
	Italy	2 019	17 374	47 786	351 399	41 445	314 895
	Germany	–	–	–	–	4 933	39 058
	Taiwan	–	–	405	2 980	834	5 041
	Mexico	–	–	252	2 144	198	1 491
	Other countries	19 542	161 012	5 064	40 423	304	2 793
	Total	279 947	1 693 045	297 713	2 214 687	289 971	2 269 564
7403.21 and 7403.29	Refined copper and copper alloys, unwrought; other copper alloys
	United States	7 295	31 235	6 166	25 677	4 329	25 228
	India	–	–	21	126	64	347
	Mexico	–	–	–	–	45	247
	Other countries	56	609	8	84	51	190
	Total	7 351	31 844	6 195	25 887	4 489	26 012
7404.00	Copper waste and scrap
	China	78 471	211 914	87 662	248 064	95 102	253 979
	United States	51 594	257 171	41 003	223 226	42 259	229 372
	South Korea	21 588	7 114	2 553	11 858	4 535	11 705
	Belgium	6 810	9 542	17 308	7 407	3 624	5 299
	Thailand	451	3 285	579	3 510	640	3 773
	Taiwan	982	4 453	1 465	2 127	1 913	2 714
	India	1 012	4 809	1 588	6 751	692	2 434
	Japan	191	662	621	2 647	841	2 240
	Hong Kong	2 478	4 310	4 259	7 322	1 146	1 934
	Philippines	20	162	56	360	206	1 226
	Spain	701	920	426	903	442	761
	Malaysia	–	–	18	45	101	519
	Vietnam	100	50	905	466	358	361
	Other countries	239	789	4 858	11 822	1 100	2 193
	Total	164 637	505 181	163 301	526 508	152 959	518 510
7405.00	Master alloys of copper
	United States	98	486	26	177	40	313
	Other countries	5	26	–	–	1	5
	Total	103	512	26	177	41	318
7406.10 and 7406.20	Copper powders and flakes
	Japan	2	9	. . .	1	14	96
	Taiwan	47	368	47	640	5	38
	United States	38	313	17	211	1	30
	Other countries	7	50	. . .	2	5	36
	Total	94	740	64	854	25	200
7407.10 and 7407.29	Copper bars, rods and profiles of refined copper and copper alloys
	United States	7 072	60 382	785	6 576	805	8 233
	Cuba	9	54	5	58	5	74
	Germany	–	–	–	–	6	72
	Poland	7	30	11	59	4	51
	Indonesia	7	60	1	9	4	40
	India	3	12	1	15	3	35
	Other countries	466	1 978	26	226	9	131
	Total	7 564	62 516	829	6 943	836	8 636
7408.11 and 7408.29	Copper wire of refined copper and of copper alloys
	United States	168 633	1 313 860	126 323	962 276	115 912	902 360
	Colombia	3 410	25 994	2 955	25 467	2 943	25 915
	Saudi Arabia	20	119	–	–	2 756	21 038
	Trinidad and Tobago	1 779	13 554	2 779	19 423	2 763	18 922
	Cuba	4 520	35 048	3 426	25 778	1 844	14 559
	Dominican Republic	1 369	10 163	2 353	18 783	1 653	14 459
	Jordan	39	223	–	–	1 222	9 969
	Kuwait	–	–	–	–	693	5 889
	Jamaica	256	1 561	256	2 016	287	2 388
	Brazil	4 759	34 373	1	3	197	1 680
	New Zealand	–	–	–	–	157	1 283
	Barbados	111	764	163	1 048	196	1 164
	China	1 634	7 437	215	796	51	371
	Iran	. . .	. . .	–	–	25	221
	United Arab Emirates	–	–	. . .	. . .	39	166
	Other countries	2 161	13 603	386	3 135	15	128
	Total	188 691	1 456 699	138 857	1 058 725	130 753	1 020 512
7409.11 and 7410.22	Copper and copper alloy plates, sheets, strip and foil
	Hong Kong	3	30	7	81	50	339
	United Kingdom	1	6	–	–	20	99
	Taiwan	59	30	7	5	5	45
	Mexico	10	65	1	5	4	27
	Russia	–	–	1	2	2	23
	Poland	–	–	2	20	2	21
	Other countries	530	3 286	68	391	7	59
	Total	603	3 417	86	504	90	613
7411.10 and 7411.29	Copper and copper alloy tubes and pipes
	United States	17 521	165 855	9 637	87 182	11 011	105 059
	United Kingdom	238	2 377	276	2 473	302	3 413
	China	2 065	8 972	219	1 208	437	2 785
	Singapore	202	1 168	105	1 217	178	2 329
	India	1	4	47	236	105	1 386
	Cuba	1	6	4	30	102	979
	Australia	154	1 329	32	367	29	347
	Hong Kong	–	–	11	53	28	240
	Panama	–	–	31	305	17	206
	Saudi Arabia	24	215	–	–	12	145
	Other countries	491	3 828	83	624	64	649
	Total	20 697	183 754	10 445	93 695	12 285	117 538
		(n.a.)	($000)	(n.a.)	($000)	(n.a.)	($000)
7412.10 and 7412.20	Copper and copper alloy tubes and pipe fittings (e.g., couplings, elbows, sleeves)
	United States	. .	38 857	. .	33 221	. .	32 971
	South Africa	. .	267	. .	70	. .	175
	United Arab Emirates	. .	16	. .	63	. .	154
	Russia	. .	19	. .	139	. .	129
	Mexico	. .	7	. .	167	. .	102
	Other countries	. .	1 673	. .	1 512	. .	867
	Total	. .	40 839	. .	35 172	. .	34 398
		(tonnes)	($000)	(tonnes)	($000)	(tonnes)	($000)
7413.00	Stranded wire, cables, plaited bands and the like, of copper, not electrically insulated
	United States	240	3 572	473	4 958	1 190	10 107
	Mexico	2	9	8	36	39	463
	Australia	. . .	. . .	1	4	47	374
	France	. . .	. . .	1	12	17	132
	Trinidad and Tobago	–	–	. . .	. . .	15	123
	Other countries	34	256	50	392	57	484
	Total	276	3 837	533	5 402	1 365	11 683
		(n.a.)	($000)	(n.a.)	($000)	(n.a.)	($000)
7414, 7415, 7416, 7419	Other items of copper
	United States	. .	35 220	. .	36 490	. .	34 987
	Germany	. .	883	. .	545	. .	996
	Mexico	. .	69	. .	173	. .	374
	Kuwait	. .	19	. .	2	. .	272
	China	. .	181	. .	333	. .	271
	Singapore	. .	43	. .	159	. .	246
	Austria	. .	3	. .	5	. .	244
	United Arab Emirates	. .	88	. .	100	. .	223
	United Kingdom	. .	119	. .	177	. .	137
	France	. .	109	. .	87	. .	132
	Italy	. .	22	. .	44	. .	130
	Nicaragua	. .	. . .	. .	. . .	. .	117
	Hong Kong	. .	54	. .	35	. .	105
	Cuba	. .	154	. .	39	. .	100
	Other countries	. .	1 390	. .	3 060	. .	1 178
	Total	. .	38 354	. .	41 249	. .	39 512
	Total exports	. .	6 299 001	. .	6 407 575	. .	6 466 163
		(tonnes)	($000)	(tonnes)	($000)	(tonnes)	($000)
IMPORTS (3)
2603.00.00.10	Copper ores and concentrates Copper content
	United States	23 805	173 013	23 285	156 774	28 090	198 191
	Peru	37 281	216 979	27 427	181 038	12 129	84 745
	Chile	25 101	171 442	1	. . .	29 132	76 530
	Bulgaria	2 791	16 280	4 354	27 550	4 240	29 436
	Zimbabwe	–	–	–	–	70	555
	Philippines	41	319	17	107	51	383
	Germany	345	2 149	149	616	104	206
	Other countries	14 898	80 477	1 626	8 174	. . .	. . .
	Total	104 262	660 659	56 859	374 259	73 816	390 046
2604.00.00.10, 2607.00.00.10, 2608.00.00.10, 2616.10.00.10	Other ores and concentrates Copper content
	United States	141	557	332	1 382	30	110
	South Africa	2 175	16 723	2 189	17 323	. . .	. . .
	Other countries	. . .	1	47	365	. . .	. . .
	Total	2 316	17 281	2 568	19 070	30	110
2620.30	Copper ash and residues
	United States	59 006	90 537	75 626	132 035	53 230	90 072
	Australia	–	–	4 779	29 485	8 934	25 610
	Germany	–	–	2 680	5 177	5 109	12 079
	Taiwan	–	–	248	513	4 864	11 820
	Other countries	19 947	38 164	8 477	20 298	1	. . .
	Total	78 953	128 701	91 810	187 508	72 138	139 581
2825.50.00.10 and 2825.50.00.20	Copper oxides and hydroxides
	United States	4 233	18 173	2 840	11 517	3 298	13 815
	Other countries	1	4	9	34	12	74
	Total	4 234	18 177	2 849	11 551	3 310	13 889
2833.25	Copper sulphates
	Russia	2 461	5 835	3 022	6 952	4 565	13 100
	Chile	2 168	5 342	3 978	8 359	5 802	11 813
	China	6 060	11 700	4 723	11 413	3 562	9 773
	United States	687	1 586	2 413	6 014	2 193	5 763
	Taiwan	2 497	5 150	1 410	3 433	1 742	4 821
	Peru	261	671	459	1 200	623	1 878
	Uzbekistan	–	–	77	190	94	754
	Austria	–	–	100	217	225	602
	Netherlands	470	1 097	920	2 014	225	591
	Mexico	45	95	122	387	166	476
	Finland	314	699	77	177	86	438
	Australia	40	53	–	–	190	434
	France	803	1 862	98	237	73	156
	Other countries	36	92	197	468	23	120
	Total	15 842	34 182	17 596	41 061	19 569	50 719
2836.99.10.20	Copper carbonates
	United States	5	10	. . .	1	3	7
2836.99.90.10	Other copper carbonates
	United States	8	17	10	23	5	11
	Other countries	. . .	1	22	50	3	7
	Total	8	18	32	73	8	18
2837.19.00.10	Copper cyanides
	United States	25	191	22	133	12	90
	South Korea	9	66	8	59	3	23
	Other countries	3	14	–	–	. . .	. . .
	Total	37	271	30	192	15	113
3212.90.90.12	Pigments based on copper or copper alloy powders and flakes
	United States	16	172	19	238	5	93
	Germany	3	48	1	24	3	50
	Other countries	. . .	5	2	31	. . .	. . .
	Total	19	225	22	293	8	143
7401.00.00.10	Copper mattes
	United States	–	–	9 849	25 705	6 086	6 974
	China	–	–	–	–	1	1
	Total	–	–	9 849	25 705	6 087	6 975
7401.00.00.20	Cement copper (precipitated copper)
	Argentina	–	–	–	–	17	34
	United States	–	–	1 732	3 532	2	4
	Other countries	–	–	694	2 119	. . .	1
	Total	–	–	2 426	5 651	19	39
7401.10	Copper mattes
	China	359	455	–	–	–	–
	United States	18 601	22 929	–	–	–	–
	Total	18 960	23 384	–	–	–	–
7401.20	Copper mattes; cement copper (precipitated copper)
	Bolivia	146	159	–	–	–	–
	China	1	1	–	–	–	–
	Peru	1 635	4 860	–	–	–	–
	United States	3 577	3 942	–	–	–	–
	Total	5 359	8 962	–	–	–	–
7402.00.00.10 to 7402.00.00.20	Copper anodes
	Chile	88 753	637 913	98 552	671 591	88 309	642 997
	United States	3 529	8 017	3 135	10 212	5 388	31 667
	Belgium	–	–	–	–	503	2 080
	Other countries	1 238	8 605	15	22	28	137
	Total	93 520	654 535	101 702	681 825	94 228	676 881
7403.11 to 7403.19	Refined copper and copper alloys, unwrought; refined copper
	United States	25 097	178 614	5 397	38 101	10 574	72 968
	Chile	7 133	53 175	3 572	26 918	800	5 738
	Germany	250	933	146	1 281	229	1 772
	Austria	32	121	–	–	32	233
	Japan	4 064	14 898	6	39	18	152
	Other countries	22 139	171 442	2 594	20 510	1	7
	Total	58 715	419 183	11 715	86 849	11 654	80 870
7403.21 to 7403.29	Refined copper and copper alloys, unwrought; copper alloys
	United States	11 709	80 728	9 308	74 144	11 614	96 023
	China	58	328	208	1 531	183	1 888
	Netherlands	. . .	. . .	380	3 236	71	542
	United Kingdom	182	774	33	216	2	274
	Other countries	52	482	168	429	172	473
	Total	12 001	82 312	10 097	79 556	12 042	99 200
7404.00	Copper waste and scrap
	United States	54 765	179 034	142 161	224 644	50 152	228 843
	Cuba	958	2 041	819	3 226	1 094	4 773
	Mexico	–	–	24	173	99	781
	Taiwan	16	77	2	16	37	235
	China	193	731	16	122	29	211
	Canada	50	328	85	159	33	164
	Chile	–	–	–	–	20	124
	Panama	–	–	–	–	19	115
	Other countries	207	912	659	5 176	225	383
	Total	56 189	183 123	143 766	233 516	51 708	235 629
7405.00	Master alloys of copper
	United States	339	1 677	233	1 362	110	956
	China	52	228	75	543	74	615
	United Kingdom	18	83	82	531	31	248
	Other countries	9	40	10	67	7	68
	Total	418	2 028	400	2 503	222	1 887
7406.10 and 7406.20	Copper powders and flakes
	United States	3 616	17 381	3 350	18 930	2 255	17 173
	France	130	670	198	1 235	139	1 400
	Italy	19	88	12	78	11	120
	Other countries	444	2 129	346	2 001	14	151
	Total	4 209	20 268	3 906	22 244	2 419	18 844
7407.10 and 7407.29	Copper bars, rods and profiles of refined copper and copper alloys
	United States	43 728	299 933	38 971	282 341	33 536	251 570
	South Korea	293	1 668	382	2 834	788	5 497
	China	147	1 367	270	2 992	361	3 734
	India	104	606	507	3 566	471	3 362
	Germany	365	2 745	310	3 601	357	3 307
	Mexico	50	477	151	1 528	314	3 126
	France	178	1 596	321	3 286	252	2 567
	Peru	6	54	79	724	137	1 362
	United Kingdom	111	1 097	110	1 362	77	1 224
	New Zealand	73	630	25	255	97	914
	Bulgaria	3	28	132	1 215	77	706
	Italy	42	294	29	239	55	505
	Poland	312	1 578	239	2 150	49	416
	Israel	47	234	–	–	42	415
	Switzerland	4	59	6	96	30	233
	Brazil	18	189	22	230	13	194
	South Africa	5	49	2	25	15	149
	Netherlands	7	73	10	119	12	145
	Finland	36	259	81	441	13	136
	Taiwan	5	66	7	73	24	131
	Turkey	. . .	1	–	–	19	109
	Other countires	163	1 293	91	833	23	196
	Total	45 697	314 296	41 745	307 910	36 762	279 998
7408.11 and 7408.29	Copper wire of refined copper and of copper alloys
	United States	19 814	137 237	41 349	324 247	37 542	296 683
	Germany	268	2 954	148	1 744	97	1 538
	Mexico	37	327	75	592	621	1 367
	South Korea	233	1 672	230	1 924	112	991
	France	43	780	40	759	37	861
	Malaysia	44	360	42	431	94	710
	United Kingdom	12	184	33	474	31	494
	China	74	528	69	556	52	468
	Japan	56	574	35	434	28	378
	Taiwan	27	183	39	465	26	272
	Peru	6	45	19	61	26	215
	Canada	184	1 368	46	399	19	152
	Other countries	13 540	106 714	484	3 688	17	226
	Total	34 338	252 926	42 609	335 774	38 702	304 355
7409.11 and 7410.22	Copper and copper alloy plates, sheets, strip and foil
	United States	19 092	154 231	18 376	157 844	12 779	121 617
	Germany	2 770	22 526	2 501	24 925	2 903	25 774
	Netherlands	3 232	20 377	1 918	13 621	1 316	10 385
	Japan	308	4 673	206	3 465	246	8 041
	India	182	1 372	890	4 497	1 694	6 896
	Luxembourg	945	5 155	488	4 381	367	5 710
	Sweden	1 561	8 544	822	5 720	508	5 239
	Bulgaria	31	276	20	164	435	4 350
	China	667	4 808	686	5 262	496	4 007
	Taiwan	636	7 366	401	4 506	313	3 999
	Spain	11	71	1 001	3 482	658	2 439
	Greece	314	2 625	385	3 571	204	1 972
	Chile	138	1 028	176	1 672	189	1 767
	New Zealand	158	1 222	132	1 128	125	1 356
	South Korea	81	479	100	601	116	883
	Mexico	48	457	30	236	38	350
	Serbia	25	230	83	707	41	341
	Italy	12	134	154	1 301	33	326
	Finland	9	107	17	182	13	159
	Peru	9	61	. . .	1	14	131
	United Kingdom	7	61	11	127	9	120
	Other countries	195	1 338	95	1 394	24	350
	Total	30 431	237 141	28 492	238 787	22 521	206 212
7411.10	Pipes and tubes, refined copper
	United States	5 563	52 832	7 614	74 035	6 289	60 050
	China	1 380	11 882	1 999	17 736	4 681	42 531
	Chile	1 713	12 642	756	7 210	900	7 609
	Malaysia	320	2 800	200	1 919	344	3 545
	South Korea	1 335	9 090	654	5 705	267	2 490
	Mexico	34	373	162	1 623	153	1 597
	France	36	163	100	533	75	872
	Germany	24	415	69	932	33	601
	Other countries	61	564	45	408	55	558
	Total	10 466	90 761	11 599	110 101	12 797	119 853
7411.21	Pipes and tubes, copper-zinc base alloys
	China	980	8 717	716	7 387	988	10 375
	United States	504	5 581	416	4 632	493	5 446
	Mexico	112	912	34	392	188	2 221
	Germany	507	4 141	254	2 374	140	1 409
	Serbia	19	168	65	526	64	518
	United Kingdom	4	36	. . .	. . .	2	448
	Chile	18	159	1	10	36	308
	South Korea	5	44	14	90	14	152
	Other countries	72	1 026	38	534	12	219
	Total	2 221	20 784	1 538	15 945	1 937	21 096
7411.22	Pipes and tubes, copper-nickel base alloys or copper-nickel-zinc base alloys
	United States	245	1 794	278	3 335	174	2 703
	China	6	50	58	776	106	1 452
	Mexico	53	414	170	1 196	64	849
	Germany	2	11	3	45	15	310
	South Korea	–	–	15	138	12	182
	Other countries	130	878	24	208	5	92
	Total	436	3 147	548	5 698	376	5 588
7411.29	Plates and tubes, copper alloys, n.e.s.
	United States	829	9 089	618	8 114	801	11 822
	China	41	500	73	681	331	3 014
	Italy	24	333	18	259	12	184
	Mexico	5	42	8	81	12	152
	South Korea	46	394	3	32	10	129
	Other countries	13	172	18	297	20	307
	Total	958	10 530	738	9 464	1 186	15 608
7412.10	Fittings, pipe or tube, of refined copper
	United States	1 096	12 557	1 171	12 494	868	15 496
	South Korea	512	4 806	426	4 405	634	6 579
	China	457	4 857	291	3 192	354	4 345
	Brazil	. . .	. . .	43	252	29	291
	Germany	23	614	22	440	21	290
	Taiwan	4	48	4	46	13	244
	Other countries	81	691	80	1 025	80	904
	Total	2 173	23 573	2 037	21 854	1 999	28 149
7412.20	Fittings, pipe or tube, copper alloys
	United States	8 640	60 371	6 039	47 445	5 483	43 032
	China	3 296	18 387	4 163	19 808	3 900	25 923
	Taiwan	982	7 016	960	6 309	890	7 283
	Germany	216	2 158	270	3 340	249	4 718
	South Korea	1 503	12 039	494	5 876	997	4 419
	Indonesia	61	159	231	938	405	2 411
	Italy	189	2 169	241	2 439	195	2 008
	Australia	1	13	1	28	49	1 522
	Mexico	148	864	116	635	188	1 146
	Thailand	680	1 661	176	946	84	802
	Japan	40	283	188	684	148	644
	India	497	425	24	289	38	588
	Netherlands	9	339	7	383	10	581
	Israel	8	255	8	311	24	529
	United Kingdom	41	379	40	735	31	394
	Canada	30	301	39	305	39	314
	France	24	244	35	352	20	205
	Other countries	60	796	58	808	65	820
	Total	16 425	107 859	13 090	91 631	12 815	97 339
7413.00	Stranded wire, cables, plaited bands and the like, of copper, not electrically insulated
	United States	8 949	46 402	11 181	72 778	10 599	74 262
	Germany	70	645	97	617	66	488
	Canada	1 851	14 123	548	4 799	27	223
	Israel	34	341	33	292	20	210
	China	4	32	6	59	8	144
	Other countries	105	842	36	409	34	399
	Total	11 013	62 385	11 901	78 954	10 754	75 726
		(n.a.)	($000)	(n.a.)	($000)	(n.a.)	($000)
7414.20	Endless bands of copper wire for machinery
	United States	. .	108	–	–	–	–
	United Kingdom	. .	84	–	–	–	–
	Total	. .	192	–	–	–	–
		(tonnes)	($000)	(tonnes)	($000)	(tonnes)	($000)
7414.90	Cloth, grill and netting of copper wire and expanded metal of copper
	United States	33	495	–	–	–	–
	United Kingdom	2	74	–	–	–	–
	Total	35	569	–	–	–	–
7415.10	Nails, tacks, drawing pins, staples and similar articles of copper or of iron or steel with copper heads
	United States	34	309	23	248	30	314
	China	31	288	56	339	61	231
	Taiwan	17	102	6	73	20	134
	Other countries	33	153	13	90	19	70
	Total	115	852	98	750	130	749
7415.21	Copper washers, including springs washers
	United States	503	1 992	687	2 001	1 326	2 101
	China	53	398	92	723	44	532
	United Kingdom	52	466	13	240	28	332
	Mexico	105	763	66	444	50	306
	South Korea	814	125	1 778	472	1 519	233
	Germany	15	73	9	92	21	107
	Other countries	196	247	66	302	46	269
	Total	1 738	4 064	2 711	4 274	3 034	3 880
7415.29	Articles of copper, not threaded, n.e.s., similar to those of headings 7415.10 and 7415.21
	United States	932	3 319	561	3 317	603	3 445
	China	91	484	132	483	82	412
	New Zealand	23	273	39	259	18	330
	Germany	42	186	385	189	43	201
	France	13	131	23	144	17	170
	Taiwan	13	79	9	75	11	112
	Other countries	91	259	40	276	20	158
	Total	1 205	4 731	1 189	4 743	794	4 828
7415.33	Screws, bolts and nuts of copper, excluding wood screws
	United States	766	3 572	957	4 078	665	3 319
	China	222	1 529	217	2 014	261	2 312
	Taiwan	173	1 317	297	1 514	399	1 525
	Germany	360	632	295	575	257	697
	Indonesia	. . .	. . .	7	105	13	207
	United Kingdom	4	39	5	48	7	119
	Brazil	167	114	60	60	110	106
	Other countries	84	450	82	440	37	359
	Total	1 776	7 653	1 920	8 834	1 749	8 644
7415.39	Articles of copper, threaded, n.e.s., similar to bolts, nuts and screws
	United States	697	2 703	582	2 296	643	2 113
	China	202	1 220	72	921	143	1 586
	Germany	23	129	10	303	12	441
	Taiwan	54	456	42	506	28	239
	Other countries	193	392	10	352	14	262
	Total	1 169	4 900	716	4 378	840	4 641
		(n.a.)	($000)	(n.a.)	($000)	(n.a.)	($000)
7416.00	Copper springs
	Germany	. .	784	–	–	–	–
	United States	. .	158	–	–	–	–
	Other countries	. .	14	–	–	–	–
	Total	. .	956	–	–	–	–
		(tonnes)	($000)	(tonnes)	($000)	(tonnes)	($000)
7419.10	Chain and parts thereof of copper
	United States	17	183	20	177	14	183
	China	26	90	20	128	11	72
	South Korea	1	23	2	27	7	25
	Other countries	3	50	5	39	1	62
	Total	47	346	47	371	33	342
7419.91	Articles of copper, not further worked than cast, moulded, stamped or forged
	United States	2 971	24 032	1 251	17 120	630	11 479
	China	99	725	50	626	174	1 120
	Italy	61	430	110	1 348	90	1 021
	Taiwan	20	273	33	386	79	489
	Indonesia	18	160	33	380	20	240
	India	1	15	1	8	12	126
	Germany	7	136	12	61	37	124
	Other countries	28	342	28	289	9	106
	Total	3 205	26 113	1 518	20 218	1 051	14 705
		(n.a.)	($000)	(n.a.)	($000)	(n.a.)	($000)
7419.99	Articles of copper, n.e.s.
	United States	. .	27 141	. .	26 111	. .	27 303
	China	. .	10 721	. .	13 008	. .	14 459
	Taiwan	. .	4 146	. .	3 587	. .	3 427
	India	. .	6 623	. .	3 112	. .	3 168
	Germany	. .	3 594	. .	2 866	. .	2 505
	Australia	. .	29	. .	1 254	. .	1 805
	Italy	. .	1 245	. .	1 253	. .	1 691
	United Kingdom	. .	422	. .	1 296	. .	753
	France	. .	320	. .	328	. .	704
	Thailand	. .	565	. .	557	. .	676
	Mexico	. .	162	. .	318	. .	601
	Indonesia	. .	347	. .	346	. .	429
	Canada	. .	246	. .	280	. .	274
	Other countries	. .	1 770	. .	1 844	. .	1 239
	Total	. .	57 331	. .	56 160	. .	59 034
	Total imports	. .	3 484 428	. .	3 087 703	. .	2 965 698

Sources: Natural Resources Canada; Statistics Canada.
– Nil; . . Not available; . . . Amount too small to be expressed; n.a. Not applicable; n.e.s. Not elsewhere specified; (p) Preliminary.
(1) Copper contained in concentrates produced. (2) Anode copper recovered in Canada from domestic concentrates plus exports of payable copper in concentrate and matte. (3) Imports from "other countries" may include re-imports from Canada.
Notes: HS Code change from 7401.10 and 7401.20  to 7401.00.00 as of 2007. HS Code change from 7401.10 to 7401.00.00.10 as of 2007. HS Code change from 7401.20 to 7401.00.00.20 as of 2007. HS Code change from 7414.20, 7414.90 and 7416.00 to 7419.99.90.90 as of 2007. Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding.

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TABLE 2.
CANADA, COPPER PRODUCTION, TRADE (1) AND USE, 1988-2008

	Production		Exports			Imports	Use (3)
	Shipments (2)	Refinery Output	Concentrates and Matte (4)	Refined (5)	Total	Refined (6)	Refined
	(tonnes)
1988	758 478	528 723	348 404	268 680	617 084	4 660	236 281
1989	704 432	515 216	348 811	321 690	670 501	4 408	213 046
1990	771 433	515 835	374 875	335 941	710 816	2 611	180 605
1991	780 362	538 339	348 080	377 985	726 065	2 321	159 170
1992	761 694	539 302	346 842	385 761	732 603	8 916	156 132
1993	709 650	561 580	319 840	408 364	728 204	21 155	185 565
1994	590 784	549 869	237 553	388 568	626 121	19 594	199 350
1995	700 843	572 616	274 492	434 691	709 183	24 176	189 550
1996	652 499	559 200	409 578	384 337	793 915	28 700	218 280
1997	647 779	560 582	515 547	381 475	897 023	22 602	224 776
1998	690 762	562 261	433 685	355 826	789 511	18 685	246 212
1999	581 583	548 563	355 839	294 107	649 946	16 475	266 504
2000	621 889	551 393	426 007	288 334	714 341	11 875	272 076
2001	614 312	567 720	359 634	308 898	668 531	7 994	265 210
2002	584 195	494 522	311 920	238 117	550 036	11 692	274 133
2003	540 998	454 866	196 538	218 810	415 349	21 712	257 338
2004	544 558	526 955	180 910	279 741	460 651	53 336	297 184
2005	577 304	515 223	275 281	296 958	572 238	64 638	289 721
2006	586 489	500 463	288 939	279 946	568 885	58 715	300 567
2007	577 545	453 453	219 814	297 713	517 528	11 716	206 048
2008 (p)	581 345	442 050	352 610	289 991	642 601	11 653	. .

Sources: Natural Resources Canada; Statistics Canada.
. . Not available; (p) Preliminary.
(1) Beginning in 1988, exports and imports are based on the new Harmonized System and may not be in complete accordance with previous method of reporting. (2) From 1975 to 1988, anode copper recovered in Canada from domestic concentrate plus exports of payable copper in concentrates and matte. Starting in 1989 to date, recoverable copper in concentrate shipped. (3) Producers' domestic shipments of refined copper plus imports of refined shapes. (4) Data include HS Codes 2603.00.10, 2604.00.00.10, 2607.00.00.10, 2608.00.00.10, 2616.10.00.10, 7401.10, and 7401.20. (5) Data include HS Codes 7403.11 to 7403.19. (6) Data include HS Codes 7403.11 to 7403.19.