Aluminum

Canadian Minerals Yearbook (CMY) - 2009

Peter Sass

The author is with the Minerals and Metals Sector,
Natural Resources Canada.
Telephone: 613‑996-5258
E‑mail: peter.sass@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca

HIGHLIGHTS

  • The global recession resulted in an 8.2% drop in aluminum demand for 2009 compared to 2008, but global production dropped by only 5.9%. London Metal Exchange (LME) inventories soared to 4.6 Mt as the average aluminum price in 2009 dropped by 35% compared to 2008.
  • The Canadian aluminum industry is in the process of closing older Söderberg technology smelters and replacing them with larger prebake technology smelters. These smelters are more energy efficient and emit less greenhouse gases and particulates. This process is expected to be completed by 2015 in Quebec, while a modernization and expansion project at the Rio Tinto Alcan (RTA) smelter in Kitimat, British Columbia, has been announced but no definite construction date has been set.
  • Due to low energy costs and efficient smelters, Canadian aluminum production was only slightly affected by the recession, deceasing by only 3.2% in 2009. The production decrease in Canada was due to the closing of the RTA Beauharnois smelter (old Söderberg technology), RTA Kitimat’s decision to reduce overtime and close production cells that require relining, and the closing by the Alcoa Baie-Comeau smelter of its series A Söderberg potline for its modernization and expansion project.
  • The growing Chinese economy, aided by China’s US$685 billion stimulus package to support economic growth (announced in the second quarter of 2009), helped to increase aluminum prices and demand.
TABLE A
2009 Amount Value (p)
Primary aluminum production 3.06 Mt $5.0 billion
Imports (unwrought) 0.11 Mt $0.2 billion
Imports (HS Chapter 76) (a) n.a. $4.4 billion
Exports (unwrought) 2.5 Mt $4.9 billion
Exports (HS Chapter 76) (a) n.a. $7.5 billion

n.a. Not applicable; (p) Preliminary.
(a) In the classification of export statistics, Harmonized System Chapter 76 includes codes for identifiable aluminum products, including primary metal, semi-fabricated products, and products made of aluminum. See Table 1 for a listing of the main codes. Export data can be obtained at http://strategis.gc.ca/sc_mrkti/tdst/engdoc/tr_homep.html or from Statistics Canada at www.statcan.ca/trade/scripts/trade_search.cgi.

PRIMARY ALUMINUM CASH PRICE, LME, 2007-09
  2007 2008 2009
(US$/t) (US¢/lb) (US$/t) (US¢/lb) (US$/t) (US¢/lb)
Year average 2 640 120 2 571 117 1 668 76
Start of year 2 830 129 2 366 107 1 492 68
End of year 2 360 107 1 455 66 2 208 100
Year high 2 953 134 3 292 148 2 266 103
Year low 2 317 105 1 423 65 1 254 57

INTRODUCTION

Canada ranked third in the world for primary aluminum production with an installed capacity of 3.07 Mt/y at the end of December 2009.

World production of primary aluminum in 2008 was 39.6 Mt but, with low demand, falling prices, and increasing inventories at the end of 2008, production cuts were implemented. The production cuts continued in 2009, resulting in a 6.4% drop in production to 37.1 Mt. In the first quarter of 2009, the market was still seriously out of balance with record inventories and production overcapacity, which caused the price to drop to $0.57/lb. In the second quarter, the global economy ended its descent and a limited recovery began, along with the announcement of many government stimulus programs, which helped the price of aluminum recover to $1.03/lb at the end of 2009. Inventories remained high throughout the year, but a high proportion was tied up in financial deals making it unavailable for use. These contracts are expected to unwind and, along with the start-up of new capacity in 2010, will put downward pressure on aluminum prices.

Alumina spot prices were very volatile in 2009, starting the year with a huge production surplus that caused the price to decrease from $189/t at the beginning of the year to a low of $175/t in March. As the demand/supply situation improved, spot prices increased to $300-$310/t in September and moved slightly higher to $310-$320/t by the end of 2009.

CANADIAN DEVELOPMENTS

The production of primary aluminum in Canada decreased by 3.2% to 3.06 Mt in 2009 from 3.16 Mt in 2008, ranking Canada third after China (13.3 Mt) and Russia (4.2 Mt) in terms of world primary production. The production decrease was due to the closing of pots at Kitimat that needed to be repaired, the closing of the Beauharnois smelter, and the closing of the series A Söderberg potline for replacement with prebake technology at Alcoa’s smelter in Baie-Comeau.

The Government of Quebec has passed environmental laws effective in 2015 with which the Söderberg technology smelters cannot comply. These smelters will either be shut down or modernized. RTA’s Beauharnois smelter (50 000 t/y) was permanently closed in 2009 due to the economic slowdown. Its Shawinigan smelter is the only fully operating Söderberg smelter in Quebec.

Alcoa and Hydro-Québec agreed to a long-term power supply for Alcoa’s three primary aluminum smelters in Canada, and Alcoa subsequently announced in November 2008 that it was starting the modernization of its Baie-Comeau smelter by permanently shutting down its series A Söderberg potline. The Government of Quebec has made a $50 million loan available to Alcoa to help with modernization of the Baie-Comeau smelter. The modernization project, which is expected to be completed in 2015, will replace 542 Söderberg pots and 480 AP18 prebake pots with new prebake technology, resulting in an increased plant capacity of 548 000 t/y. The new smelter will significantly reduce Baie-Comeau’s emissions of particulate matter, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and perfluorocarbons, while increasing production.

In May 2009, the Government of Quebec granted an additional loan of $175 million to RTA so that construction of the AP50 60 000-t/y pilot smelter could continue; RTA slowed the pace of construction and a completion date has not been announced. This pilot plant was originally scheduled to come on stream in late 2010. The initial phase was to be followed by the construction of a new 390 000-t/y smelter in the Saguenay–Lac-St-Jean area.

RTA announced that its Kitimat modernization plan has also been slowed with no completion date. The time constraint of 2015 does not apply to the Kitimat smelter since it is the only primary aluminum smelter located outside of Quebec. This project would replace the existing Söderberg cells with AP35 technology and expand the smelter’s capacity from 277 000 t/y to 400 000 t/y.

RTA’s Vaudreuil (Jonquière) alumina refinery cut back its production in early 2009 but, as markets rapidly improved, it was brought back into full production in the fourth quarter of the year. Vaudreuil produced 1 125 000 t in 2009, which was a cutback of 245 000 t, or about 18% below 2008 production of 1 370 000 t.

Both Rio Tinto and Alcoa are included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. Individually, they and their regional operations organize and participate in various social, community, and environmental initiatives in Canada and around the world.

RTA is a founding partner of the new Centre of Excellence in Energy Efficiency in Shawinigan, Quebec, and will contribute $1.4 million to the project for the next five years. The project will specialize in the development of energy efficiency and new energy technologies. The Centre will bring together key players from industry, financial institutions, the knowledge community, local stakeholders, and government agencies.

In its commitment to the community, RTA has made a $1 million donation to the Montreal Neurological Institute, which is associated with McGill University. The NeuroEngineering program will focus on spinal cord injuries and on restoring and repairing the nervous system. RTA also sponsors cultural events such as the Festival International de Jazz de Montréal and has recently launched a new music-themed educational program for Montréal youth.

The “Grand Prix québécois de la qualité 2009” was awarded to Aluminerie Alouette. This award is managed jointly by the Quebec Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade and the Mouvement québécois de la qualité. The Grand Prix is the highest distinction in Quebec in terms of operational excellence; companies that receive this award are considered to be leaders and models in Quebec.

The Aluminium Association of Canada links the Canadian aluminum industry, aluminum users, the public, and government. Its activities during 2009 included an end-user awareness campaign targeting government procurement personnel, architects, and engineers in order to improve awareness of the multiple uses of aluminum for institutional buildings and mass transit equipment. The Aluminium Association also produced an economic study outlining the contribution the industry makes to the Quebec economy. The report indicated that the primary aluminum industry in Quebec employs 10 500 people with an average plant salary of $69 000, has created 20 000 indirect jobs, and spends over $4.2 billion each year. Further information and links to the web sites of Canadian primary aluminum producers can be found on the Association’s web site at www.aac.aluminium.qc.ca.

Exploration

Exploration Orbite V.S.P.A. Inc. has been conducting exploration and research on the production of alumina from high-alumina clay found in the Murdochville region on the Gaspé Peninsula in Quebec. The property is located 32 km northeast of Murdochville where surficial deposits of clay contain up to 24% Al2O3. New technological components have been developed with the Centre d’études des procédés chimiques du Quebec that could potentially make commercial production of Al2O3 from clay competitive. Based on these technological advancements, Exploration Orbite is now in the process of building a $6 million pilot plant and expects an alumina extraction rate of 80% from the clay. Aluminerie Alouette has loaned Exploration Orbite $1 million and is providing technical support to the project (i.e., access to Alouette’s service laboratories and tests for the production of aluminum ingots using one of Alouette’s 18 test electrolysis cells). The pilot plant is expected to start producing a high-purity specialty alumina in 2012 starting at a rate of 1 t/d and working up to 50-100 t/d by 2014. It will also produce a metallurgical-grade alumina starting at a rate of 500 t/d in 2012/13.

Outlook

Canadian installed capacity for the production of primary aluminum is now 3.07 Mt/y. Canada is expected to produce approximately 3.00 Mt of primary aluminum in 2010 and is expected to maintain its rank as the third largest primary producer in the world after China and Russia.

Primary aluminum production will decrease slightly over the next few years as Söderberg technology smelters are shut down and replaced by new prebake technology.

Over the longer term, Canadian production should increase due to capacity creep, the Kitimat smelter’s modernization and expansion, the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean AP50 technology pilot plant, and the Baie-Comeau smelter’s modernization and expansion.

WORLD PRODUCTION, USE, AND INVENTORY

World production of primary aluminum decreased 6.1% from 38.76 Mt in 2008 to 36.36 Mt in 2009. After declining 6.1% in 2009, world production is expected to rise by 10% in 2010 to 40 Mt.

The International Aluminium Institute (IAI) indicates that members’ average production of primary aluminum for the year to March 2010 was 66 000 t/d, up 900 t/d from March 2009. It also reports the average rate of consolidated production (IAI members plus China) was 99 600 t/d for 2009, a decrease of 6300 t/d, although the average for the month of March 2010 was 110 900 t/d. Additional information can be obtained from the IAI's web site at www.world-aluminium.org.

IAI total inventories started the year at 2.96 Mt and then decreased to end the year at 2.23 Mt. London Metal Exchange (LME) high‑grade inventories started the year at approximately 2.34 Mt, increased rapidly until April, and then remained relatively constant to end 2009 at 4.62 Mt.

Combined IAI members and LME aluminum inventories totaled approximately 6.85 Mt at the end of 2009. This represented about 67 days of global supply. It should be noted that an estimated 3.0 Mt is tied up in long-term financing deals and is unavailable for immediate use.

The IAI also reported that members' refined alumina production capacity decreased from 63.7 Mt/y in December 2008 to 61.2 Mt/y in December 2009, while alumina production also decreased from 60.5 Mt in 2008 to 53.7 Mt in 2009.

Chinese alumina production rose from 22.8 Mt in 2008 to 23.8 Mt in 2009.

After the first quarter, the price of aluminum started to recover rapidly with production capacity increases occurring mainly in China and the Middle East. Smelters in the Western World have shown little inclination to restart idled capacity or increase utilization rates. U.S. and European smelters pay higher energy rates, which increases the possibility of further cutbacks and closures, so they are at a disadvantage against low-energy-cost areas such as Canada, Russia, the Middle East, Iceland, Scandinavia, and Australia.

Expansions, closures, proposals, and studies for new mines, refineries, and smelters have been announced in many countries. Global primary aluminum production is expected to grow to 40 Mt for 2010 from 36.3 Mt in 2009.

WORLD DEVELOPMENTS

China

The financial crisis caused the closure of one third of China’s aluminum production capacity in 2008 but, with the improvement in aluminum prices that started in the second quarter of 2009, production rapidly expanded to finish the year with a decrease of only 1.1% from 2008 production of 13.105 Mt. With more than 10 greenfield and brownfield expansion projects under way in 2009, China’s aluminum production capacity increased by 2.5 Mt/y and the country is expected to produce 17 Mt of aluminum in 2010.

Guinea

Global Alumina, which is headquartered in Saint John, New Brunswick, continued work to finance and construct a 3.6-Mt/y alumina refinery in the Boké region of Guinea. The company worked toward a joint venture with BHP Billiton, Dubai Aluminum Company Limited (Dubal), and Mubadala Development Company PJSC to develop and operate its alumina refinery project. The project is one of the most advanced new projects in Guinea with the refinery already in the feasibility stage and with infrastructure and site work already under way (www.globalalumina.com).

Italy

Alcoa announced in November 2009 that it was closing its two aluminum smelters in Italy following the European Commission ruling that Alcoa has received illegal state aid since 2006 in the form of reduced electricity tariffs. The ruling required Alcoa to repay the monies. Alcoa is appealing the ruling and has renegotiated a contract with the Italian government, who will provide lower power rates to large industrial users and not specifically to Alcoa (the company is waiting for the European Commission to approve the deal and reverse its decision). Alcoa’s two Italian smelters produce 195 000 Mt/y.

Oman

The Sohar Aluminum smelter in Oman, which poured its first metal in 2008, reached its full capacity of 360 000 t/y in 2009. The state-of-the-art smelter uses RTA’s benchmark AP36 technology – a highly efficient and environmentally friendly smelting technology. Sohar Aluminum is a joint venture between RTA (20%), Oman Oil Company (40%), and Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority.

Qatar

The first pots of the Qatalum smelter in Qatar started production of aluminum in December 2009. The smelter will be in full production by the end of 2010, producing 585 000 Mt/y. The project is a joint venture between Hydro (Norway) and Qatar Petroleum.

Paraguay

RTA signed a letter of intent to negotiate with Paraguay's state-run National Electrical Administration on an energy purchasing agreement for the construction of a $2.4 billion aluminum smelter.

Russia

In August 2009, a serious accident at Russia’s biggest hydro-electric plant destroyed three of ten generators that each produce 650 MW of power. This had a direct impact on Rusal’s production capabilities at its Sayanoyorsk and Khakas aluminum smelters, which have a combined capacity of 837 000 t/y. Due to its massive debt of $16.8 billion and decreased revenues, Rusal suspended work at two aluminum smelter projects: the 600 000-t/y Boguchanskaya smelter and the 60%-completed 750 000-t/y Taishet smelter.

Saudi Arabia

A joint venture between Alcoa Inc. and Saudi Arabian Mining Co. (Ma'aden) was formed to build a fully integrated aluminum complex consisting of a 740 000-t/y smelter, a 1 800 000-t/y alumina refinery, a 4 000 000-t/y bauxite mine, and a hot rolling mill. The entire project will cost $10.8 billion. The aluminum complex will be built in the industrial zone of Raz Az Zawr and will be owned 60% by Ma'aden and 40% by Alcoa.

United Arab Emirates

The $5.7 billion Emirates Aluminum (EMAL) project energized the first of 756 pots in December 2009. At the end of Phase 1 (12-14 months), the smelter will produce 756 000 t/y of aluminum. EMAL is a joint venture between Dubai Aluminum Limited and Mubadala Development Company. The smelter will be built in two phases; when completed, it will produce 1 512 000 t/y. The smelter utilizes the Dubal DX technology.

United Kingdom

The joint-venture (RTA and Kaiser) Anglesey aluminum smelter in Wales closed in the third quarter of 2009. The reason for the closure was that the existing nuclear power plant was decommissioned, the existing power contract expired, and the smelter could not renegotiate a low-cost power contract.

United States

The U.S. aluminum industry was hit very hard by the recession; its primary aluminum production dropped to 1.73 Mt in 2009, a 35% decrease from the 2.66 Mt produced in 2008. Alcoa closed three smelters (Rockdale, Hawesville, and Massena East), removing 605 000 t/y of capacity. In addition, Ormet cut capacity by 86 000 t/y from its Hannibel smelter; Century closed its Ravenwood smelter and curtailed production at its Hawesville smelter, cutting capacity by 234 000 t/y; and Glencore closed its Columbia Falls smelter, cutting capacity by 110 000 t/y.

PRICES AND OUTLOOK

Cash prices for primary‑grade aluminum on the LME started 2009 at approximately US$1491/t (US67.7¢/lb) and slowly decreased to US$1254/t (US56.9¢/lb) in February. Prices then strengthened to finish the year at US$2206/t (US100.1¢/lb), for an increase of about 32% for the year. The Canadian currency equivalents for the start of the year were $1805/t (81.9¢/lb) and in December were $2312/t (104.9¢/lb), representing an increase of about 28% for the year.

Prices in the spot alumina market were weak early in 2009 as worldwide demand rapidly fell in the first quarter. With government stimulus programs, the demand for alumina steadily increased from the second quarter until the end of the year. Metal Bulletin has reported that spot prices for metallurgical‑grade alumina started the year at US$210-$240/t and declined throughout the first quarter to US$170‑$185/t; however, prices strengthened in the second quarter and continued to gain strength to end 2009 at US$295‑$315/t.

Additional production of approximately 3 Mt (8%) of metal from new and restarted production capacity located around the world is expected in 2010.

Notes: (1) For definitions and valuation of mineral production, shipments, and trade, please refer to the chapter entitled “Definitions and Valuation: Mineral Production, Shipments, and Trade.” (2) Information in this review was current as of July 30, 2010. (3) General information on aluminum was published in the 2006 edition of this review. (4) This and other reviews, including previous editions, are available on the Internet at www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/mms-smm/busi-indu/cmy-amc/com-eng.htm.

Note to Readers

The intent of this document is to provide general information and to elicit discussion. It is not intended as a reference, guide or suggestion to be used in trading, investment, or other commercial activities. The author and Natural Resources Canada make no warranty of any kind with respect to the content and accept no liability, either incidental, consequential, financial or otherwise, arising from the use of this document.

Figure 1
Aluminum Smelters, 2009

Aluminum Smelters, 2009
Aluminum Smelters, 2009
SMELTER COMPANY CAPACITY (t/y)
1. Kitimat Alcan 277 000
2. Beauharnois Alcan **
3. Bécancour A.B.I. 419 000
4. Shawinigan Alcan 99 000
5. Lauralco Deschambault Alcoa-Aluminerie Lauralco Inc. 256 000
6. Grande-Baie Alcan 215 000
7. Laterrière Alcan 235 000
8. Alma Alcan 435 000
9. Arvida, Jonquière Alcan 171 000
10. Baie-Comeau Canadian Reynolds Metals (Alcoa) 392 000
11. Sept-Îles Alouette 575 000
  3 074 000

** Closed in mid-2009.

Figure 2
World Total Primary Aluminum Production, 1964-2014 (f)

World Total Primary Aluminum Production, 1964-2014 (f)

Source: International Consultative Group on Nonferrous Metals Statistics.
(f) Author forecast for 2010-14.

Figure 3
Canadian Primary Aluminum Production, 1986-2014

Canadian Primary Aluminum Production, 1986-2014

Source: Natural Resources Canada.

Figure 4
Primary Aluminum Production, Top Ten Producers, 1994-2009

Primary Aluminum Production, Top Ten Producers, 1994-2009

Source: International Consultative Group on Nonferrous Metals Statistics.
(e) Estimated.

Figure 5
London Metal Exchange Aluminum Prices, 1992-2010

London Metal Exchange Aluminum Prices, 1992-2010

Sources: Natural Resources Canada; London Metals Exchange; Reuters; Metalprices.com.

Figure 6
London Metal Exchange Aluminum Alloy Prices, 1993-2009

London Metal Exchange Aluminum Alloy Prices, 1993-2009

Sources: Natural Resources Canada; London Metal Exchange, Reuters, MetalPrices.com.

Figure 7
Top 10 Alumina Producers, 1990-2009

Top 10 Alumina Producers, 1990-2009

Sources: Natural Resources Canada; International Consultative Group on Nonferrous Metals Statistics; The International Aluminum Institute; media reports.

TARIFFS
Item No. Description Canada United States EU Japan
 MFN GPT USA Canada Conventional Rate (1) WTO (2)
26.06 Aluminum ores and concentrates Free Free Free Free Free Free
2620.40 Slag, ash and residues containing metals, arsenic or their compounds: containing mainly aluminum Free Free Free Free Free Free
28.18 Artificial corundum, whether or not chemically defined; aluminum oxide; aluminum hydroxide
2818.20 Aluminum oxide, other than artificial corundum Free Free Free Free 4% Free
2818.30 Aluminum hydroxide Free Free Free Free 5.5% 3.3%
2827.32 Chlorides, chloride oxides and chloride hydroxides; bromides and bromide oxides; iodides and iodide oxides: other chlorides: of aluminum Free Free Free Free 5.5% 3.3%
76.01 Unwrought aluminum
7601.10 Aluminum, not alloyed Free Free Free Free 6% (3) Free
7601.20 Aluminum alloys Free Free Free Free 6% Free
76.02 Aluminum waste and scrap Free Free Free Free Free Free
76.03 Aluminum powders and flakes 3.5-5% Free Free Free 5% 3%
76.04 Aluminum bars, rods and profiles
7604.10 Of aluminum, not alloyed Free-3.5% Free Free Free 7.5% 7.5%
7604.21 Of aluminum alloys: hollow profiles 5% Free Free Free 7.5% 7.5%
7604.29 Of aluminum alloys: other Free-3% Free Free Free 7.5% 7.5%
76.05 Aluminum wire Free-4% Free Free Free 7.5% 7.5%
76.06 Aluminum plates, sheets and strip; of a thickness exceeding 0.2 mm Free-6.5% Free-5% Free Free 7.5% Free-2%
76.07 Aluminum foil of a thickness not exceeding 0.2 mm Free-6.5% Free-5% Free Free 7.5-10% 7.5%
76.08 Aluminum tubes and pipes Free-5% Free Free Free 7.5% 7.5%
76.09 Aluminum tube or pipe fittings 5.5% 3% Free Free 5.9% 3%
76.10 Aluminum structures (excluding prefabricated buildings of heading 94.06) and parts of structures; aluminum plates, rods, profiles, tubes and the like, prepared for use in structures 6.5% 5% Free Free 6-7% Free-3%
76.11 Aluminum reservoirs, tanks, vats and similar containers, for any material (other than compressed or liquefied gas), of a capacity exceeding 300 litres, whether or not lined or heat-insulated, but not fitted with mechanical or thermal equipment Free-6.5% Free-5% Free Free 6% 3%
76.12 Aluminum casks, drums, cans, boxes and similar containers for any material (other than compressed or liquefied gas), of a capacity not exceeding 300 litres, whether or not lined or heat-insulated, but not fitted with mechanical or thermal equipment 6.5% 2.5-5% Free Free 6% 3%
76.13 Aluminum containers for compressed or liquefied gas 6.5% 5% Free Free 6% 3%
76.14 Stranded wire, cables, plaited bands and the like, of aluminum, not electrically insulated 4.5% 3% Free Free 6% 3%
76.15 Table, kitchen or other household articles and parts thereof, of aluminum; pot scourers and scouring or polishing pads, gloves and the like, of aluminum; sanitary ware and parts thereof, of aluminum 6.5% Free-5% Free Free 6% Free
76.16 Other articles of aluminum Free-6.5% Free-5% Free Free 6% 3%

Sources: Canadian Customs Tariff, effective January 2010, Canada Border Services Agency; Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, 2010; Official Journal of the European Union (Tariff Information), October 31, 2009 edition; Customs Tariff Schedules of Japan, 2010.
GPT General Preferential Tariff; MFN Most Favoured Nation; WTO World Trade Organization.
(1) The customs duties applicable to imported goods originating in countries that are Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or with which the European Community has concluded agreements containing the most-favoured-nation tariff clause shall be the conventional duties shown in column 3 of the Schedule of Duties. (2) WTO rate is shown; lower tariff rates may apply circumstantially. (3) Autonomous rate of duty: 3.

TABLE 1. CANADA, ALUMINUM TRADE, 2007-09
  2007 2008 2009 (p)
(tonnes) ($000) (tonnes) ($000) (tonnes) ($000)
PRODUCTION (Refined) 3 082 625 . . 3 120 148 . . 3 030 269 . .
EXPORTS
2606.00 Aluminum ores and concentrates
United States – – 216 20 45 7
Cuba 132 104 – – – –
Other countries – – 22 24 – –
Total 132 104 238 44 45 7
2620.40 Ash and residues containing mainly aluminum
United States 30 383 13 513 50 760 20 980 51 175 22 547
2818.20 Aluminum oxide (excluding artificial corundum)
United States 22 597 23 278 13 920 13 106 14 506 28 979
Germany 1 961 2 843 849 1 232 759 1 114
Other countries 68 129 67 67 34 59
Total 24 626 26 250 14 836 14 432 15 299 30 152
2827.32 Other chlorides: of aluminum
United States 404 390 478 475 177 96
France 5 12 – – 21 26
Other countries 47 48 – – 3 4
Total 456 450 478 475 201 126
7601.10 Unwrought aluminum, not alloyed
United States 989 281 2 895 987 1 180 314 3 398 852 1 391 453 2 631 078
South Korea 37 032 112 143 38 194 116 244 90 260 171 591
Netherlands 227 845 610 959 229 467 536 481 104 427 168 440
Japan 71 216 210 538 81 482 239 149 43 290 89 273
United Kingdom 25 831 79 909 96 300 51 466 87 685
Other countries 27 897 81 037 9 571 28 324 274 631
Total 1 379 102 3 990 573 1 539 124 4 319 350 1 681 170 3 148 698
7601.20 Unwrought aluminum alloyed
United States 941 930 2 942 810 818 403 2 496 545 625 801 1 348 784
Japan 95 785 300 589 81 325 252 511 55 309 119 766
Mexico 33 079 102 667 41 860 127 477 56 382 118 629
South Korea 11 346 32 302 7 763 24 973 33 034 68 785
Israel 4 894 15 982 11 836 36 831 7 474 16 233
United Kingdom 4 362 14 502 5 317 17 943 4 429 10 866
Brazil – – 77 255 3 965 8 486
France 7 509 25 270 8 448 28 601 1 758 7 318
China 4 199 13 277 6 095 19 824 3 283 7 098
Turkey 505 1 754 884 3 026 935 2 218
El Salvador 173 531 – – 891 2 025
Ireland 266 830 326 1 108 409 1 049
Other countries 16 190 55 954 10 264 30 037 282 748
Total 1 120 238 3 506 468 992 598 3 039 131 793 952 1 712 005
7602.00 Aluminum waste and scrap
United States 316 493 578 503 324 523 580 823 279 386 353 050
China 73 298 126 177 64 423 107 613 71 807 88 475
South Korea 18 091 43 699 18 661 46 124 5 198 7 656
India 3 651 7 004 2 995 6 071 2 591 3 840
Taiwan 5 699 10 170 3 886 7 386 1 673 2 136
Indonesia 1 236 2 718 1 439 2 997 1 085 1 656
Hong Kong 1 210 1 310 572 905 1 079 1 335
Ireland – – 837 2 776 491 1 222
France – – 251 351 246 491
Pakistan 267 406 121 194 370 412
Japan 1 876 4 584 2 225 5 145 255 376
Thailand 559 1 223 122 260 226 336
Brazil 3 418 7 419 1 870 3 497 193 293
Malaysia – – 29 61 193 254
Netherlands 399 830 1 050 1 870 70 137
United Kingdom 1 590 3 890 385 915 89 133
Italy 987 2 214 576 1 427 75 131
Other countries 992 1865 831 2 710 310 323
Total 429 766 792 012 424 796 771 125 365 337 462 256
76.03 Aluminum powders and flakes
Germany 179 693 341 1 436 7 793
United States 36 244 66 251 58 202
Taiwan – – 11 102 16 117
Other countries . . . 2 . . . 2 – –
Total 215 939 418 1 791 81 1 112
76.04 Aluminum bars, rods and profiles
United States 80 003 397 388 70 381 341 876 50 769 219 838
China 715 3 393 671 2 985 2 745 18 001
Germany 76 410 913 3 892 725 2 704
Taiwan 917 4 799 628 3 409 444 1 930
Switzerland 1 166 4 657 93 397 331 1 014
Barbados 51 349 48 344 64 490
Italy 20 79 18 73 114 355
Norway 5 58 18 173 43 320
Hong Kong 3 15 1 5 69 281
Australia 7 42 16 93 45 236
Chile 6 32 27 156 40 193
South Africa 1 6 303 1 604 19 184
Mexico 3 14 23 158 24 169
Trinidad and Tobago 1 9 21 145 25 131
Other countries 8 766 32 953 999 4 436 191 1 090
Total 91 740 444 204 74 160 359 746 55 648 246 936
76.05 Aluminum wire
United States 170 181 565 459 172 746 562 482 140 306 323 382
Netherlands 1 194 4 007 16 273 51 235 2 926 7 325
China 56 311 207 916 1 304 3 147
South Korea 587 2 589 446 1 840 507 1 579
Mexico 424 1 676 416 1 582 501 1 412
United Arab Emirates 50 312 185 995 170 1 013
Taiwan 145 818 123 764 193 918
Thailand 378 1 632 12 38 298 857
Brazil – – 143 550 258 748
Colombia 156 566 157 607 262 719
Germany 137 666 164 996 70 446
India 39 248 57 341 84 410
Oman 117 775 50 327 44 234
Spain 537 1 918 59 244 22 131
Other countries 8 749 31 008 6 704 21 830 137 590
Total 182 750 611 985 197 742 644 747 147 082 342 911
76.06 Aluminum plates, sheets and strip, of a thickness exceeding 0.2 mm
United States 355 973 1 323 902 301 444 1 123 355 204 318 599 711
France 706 3 052 34 162 513 3 232
China 159 1 054 8 38 271 1 595
Chile 137 787 207 1 084 239 1 307
Japan 36 419 4 371 136 953
Hungary . . . 1 – – 113 738
Ireland 19 90 148 1 028 27 119
Ukraine – – . . . . . . 22 105
Other countries 991 5 557 1 058 4 102 120 524
Total 358 021 1 334 862 302 903 1 130 140 205 759 608 284
76.07 Aluminum foil not exceeding 0.2 mm
United States 45 350 244 739 29 679 168 615 17 361 113 886
Mexico 1 535 9 988 1 284 8 826 1 095 8 644
Australia 541 3 859 497 3 076 136 1 027
Venezuela 283 1 872 190 1 213 89 709
United Kingdom 160 1 197 143 984 98 645
New Zealand 108 913 138 1 122 83 623
Argentina 56 601 73 624 59 477
Japan 125 631 127 756 25 295
France 108 606 47 336 30 189
Kenya – – – – 1 176
Germany 374 1 847 156 755 21 164
Honduras – – – – 23 155
Peru 22 144 22 199 17 149
Italy . . . 1 3 24 21 124
Israel – – 19 141 25 122
China 202 1 124 5 20 20 118
Taiwan 348 2 150 186 990 15 110
Other countries 2 021 10 977 1 125 5 725 38 271
Total 51 233 280 649 33 694 193 406 19 157 127 884
76.08 Aluminum tubes and pipes
United States 4 124 21 802 4 290 21 599 3 562 17 008
China 315 3 439 129 1 810 115 1 351
Australia 30 404 37 513 42 546
Malaysia – – 31 263 24 240
Other countries 130 1 276 81 1 358 50 674
Total 4 599 26 921 4 568 25 543 3 793 19 819
76.09 Aluminum tube or pipe fittings
United States 952 12 530 885 12 367 525 11 189
Mexico 2 24 11 127 28 334
Kyrgyzstan . . . 1 3 40 17 207
Other countrires 127 1 311 80 1 041 56 661
Total 1 081 13 866 979 13 575 626 12 391
  (n.a.) ($000) (n.a.) ($000) (n.a.) ($000)
76.10 Aluminum structures and parts of structures, aluminum plates, rods, profiles, tubes and the like, prepared for use in structures
United States . . 537 362 . . 561 993 . . 381 440
Sweden . . 2 936 . . 1 167 . . 6 422
Saudi Arabia . . 7 . . 443 . . 2 857
India . . 34 . . 60 . . 2 782
United Kingdom . . 1 676 . . 2 491 . . 1 884
Costa Rica . . 62 . . 118 . . 1 304
Singapore . . 18 . . 478 . . 1 205
France . . 2 385 . . 1 111 . . 1 048
Australia . . 682 . . 527 . . 1 009
Qatar . . 589 . . 269 . . 991
Mexico . . 1 385 . . 3 102 . . 959
United Arab Emirates . . 1 448 . . 2 243 . . 871
Netherlands . . 124 . . 190 . . 847
Trinidad and Tobago . . 1 772 . . 519 . . 715
Bermuda . . 914 . . 539 . . 652
Rwanda – – – – . . 551
Other countries . . 9 859 . . 14 402 . . 7 315
Total . . 561 253 . . 590 179 . . 412 852
  (number) ($000) (number) ($000) (number) ($000)
76.11 Aluminum reservoirs, tanks, vats and similar containers, for any material
United States 495 1 224 1 177 965 630 542
Brazil – – 10 152 5 76
China – – 1 1 2 31
Mexico – – – – 1 19
Other countries 2 052 64 32 396 2 21
Total 2 547 1 288 1 220 1 514 640 689
76.12 Aluminum casks, drums, cans, boxes and similar containers, for any material
United States 793 326 371 134 631 695 675 765 110 867 392 621 024 79 401
Belgium 31 . . . 68 039 3 363 122 856 6 103
United Kingdom 139 194 130 282 559 2 881 89 656 4 059
Netherlands 2 . . . 22 218 1 104 45 917 2 293
Poland – – 101 619 419 17 715 266 1 277
Germany 85 559 143 322 529 812 73 873 871
Switzerland – – 11 2 1 538 308
Ireland 7 1 232 477 263 2 428 288
France 27 4 281 798 225 4 641 266
Czech Republic 10 1 – – 10 217 236
India 577 229 146 287 475 67 760 184 187
Peru 2 026 240 622 427 870 294 697 139
Austria – – 896 46 2 312 116
Other countries 41 205 704 5 025 1 567 815 1 164 30 490 265
Total 835 336 160 140 321 699 465 628 122 083 411 775 099 95 809
76.13 Aluminum containers for compressed or liquefied gas
United States 436 148 4 879 552 906 3 476 6 971 754 4 723
Germany 5 719 4 330 905 450 1 096 322
Japan 2 116 2 108 507 257 383 186
Taiwan – – – – 229 173
South Korea 852 618 956 481 337 169
United Kingdom 3 13 446 173 355 146
Other countries 96 400 1 577 35 566 1 260 1 106 484
Total 541 238 13 525 591 286 6 097 6 975 260 6 203
  (tonnes) ($000) (tonnes) ($000) (tonnes) ($000)
76.14 Stranded wire, cables, plaited bands and the like, of aluminum, not electrically insulated
United States 20 499 83 995 15 061 57 956 8 744 30 173
Chile – – 39 374 . . . 546
Brazil . . . 2 69 184 20 46
Other countries 392 1005 554 3699 38 150
Total 20 891 85 002 15 723 62 213 8 802 30 915
  (n.a.) ($000) (n.a.) ($000) (n.a.) ($000)
76.15 Table, kitchen or other household articles and parts thereof, of aluminum
United States . . 95 990 . . 76 224 . . 32 444
Mexico . . 1 801 . . 2 312 . . 2 008
United Arab Emirates . . 7 . . 1 . . 402
Germany . . 840 . . 434 . . 228
Algeria . . 108 . . 207 . . 220
Peru . . 8 . . 7 . . 105
Czech Republic – – – – . . 102
Other countries . . 1 956 . . 1 022 . . 266
Total . . 100 710 . . 80 207 . . 35 775
76.16 Other articles of aluminum
United States . . 220 130 . . 217 909 . . 188 024
United Kingdom . . 3 029 . . 2 639 . . 2 833
Chile . . 161 . . 658 . . 2 628
China . . 2 091 . . 3 548 . . 2 234
Austria . . 4 615 . . 3 260 . . 2 159
Mexico . . 2 785 . . 2 554 . . 1 446
Australia . . 1 083 . . 1 198 . . 1 315
Malaysia . . 734 . . 983 . . 1 271
Honduras . . 23 . . 329 . . 1 068
Poland . . 1 254 . . 2 827 . . 1 058
Finland . . 230 . . 378 . . 992
South Korea . . 44 . . 38 . . 965
United Arab Emirates . . 174 . . 271 . . 880
France . . 1 246 . . 2 634 . . 841
Japan . . 1 369 . . 1 703 . . 755
Saudi Arabia . . 56 . . 81 . . 747
Germany . . 2 301 . . 3 674 . . 737
Turkey . . 239 . . 1 114 . . 669
Singapore . . 378 . . 399 . . 656
Tunisia – – . . . . . . . 628
India . . 335 . . 130 . . 624
South Africa . . 112 . . 61 . . 554
Madagascar – – . . 51 . . 503
Other countries . . 8 855 . . 8 322 . . 6 461
Total . . 251 244 . . 254 761 . . 220 048
Total exports . . 12 196 139 . . 11 651 539 . . 7 537 419
IMPORTS
2606.00 Aluminum ores and concentrates
Guinea 953 247 37 183 1 630 604 69 327 1 193 542 62 294
Brazil 1 734 791 64 436 1 803 262 69 346 1 021 797 51 017
United States 14 957 3 148 14 746 3 260 13 699 2 493
Sierra Leone 230 517 9 441 – – 9 992 2 464
Guyana 19 675 1 106 62 023 1 969 28 034 1 983
Greece – – – – 29 307 1 725
China 8 485 674 390 183 16 520 1 472
Other countries 384 893 13 732 49 142 2 989 19 18
Total 3 346 565 129 720 3 560 167 147 074 2 312 910 123 466
2620.40 Ash and residues containing mainly aluminum
United States 5 961 2 126 6 281 3 192 2 660 1 590
China – – – – 22 11
Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
Total 5 961 2 126 6 281 3 192 2 682 1 601
2818.20 Aluminum oxide (excluding artificial corundum)
Brazil 971 897 358 402 1 302 167 484 684 2 185 555 583 272
Australia 658 219 269 815 980 532 352 859 651 766 240 090
United States 560 107 229 842 671 973 270 304 455 952 157 683
Jamaica 898 626 338 449 800 394 295 954 400 704 130 624
Suriname 590 716 206 840 816 730 296 251 291 233 102 747
Venezuela 278 907 110 092 120 080 49 006 133 976 59 175
Germany 1 135 7 907 764 5 255 739 3 662
China 2 535 2 696 2 243 2 750 1 387 2 332
France 1 607 3 528 5 366 4 291 1 383 1 447
Japan 1 160 1 033 876 1 161 687 1 010
Other countries 153 757 51 475 81 819 26 628 660 1 214
Total 4 118 666 1 580 079 4 782 944 1 789 143 4 124 042 1 283 256
2818.30 Aluminum hydroxide
United States 6 706 6 758 5 041 4 873 5 237 5 290
Germany 359 418 593 641 338 385
Other countries 34 45 33 65 99 108
Total 7 099 7 221 5 667 5 579 5 674 5 777
2827.32.00.00 Other chlorides: of aluminum
United States 8 448 8 573 9 718 11 224 8 809 9 087
Japan 27 27 34 36 96 118
Other countries 8 23 42 147 22 52
Total 8 483 8 623 9 794 11 407 8 927 9 257
7601.10 Unwrought aluminum, not alloyed
Canada 81 248 78 223 7 372 14 211
United States 14 264 38 778 13 224 36 383 7 857 12 685
New Zealand 164 547 – – 649 1 299
Australia 1 6 67 201 285 607
Russia 20 57 34 107 102 215
Other countries 97 349 136 454 44 115
Total 14 627 39 985 13 539 37 368 16 309 29 132
7601.20 Unwrought aluminum alloyed
United States 115 008 315 145 106 960 281 619 76 612 152 511
Brazil 499 1 733 47 149 1 551 4 067
Russia 1 275 3 276 259 755 1 482 2 970
Czech Republic – – 678 2 010 811 2 471
Canada 3 234 2 354 942 1 633 1 095 2 457
Bahrain 2 087 7 123 531 1 703 579 2 187
South Africa – – 55 245 695 2 010
Germany 57 168 1 007 3 028 632 1 956
Venezuela – – 775 2 436 771 1 712
Spain 106 521 167 730 475 1 609
Netherlands 894 3 779 976 4 425 307 1 278
United Kingdom 442 983 44 118 173 626
China 707 2 416 1 406 4 883 160 498
Other countries 413 1 459 358 1 971 225 646
Total 124 722 338 957 114 205 305 705 85 568 176 998
7602.00 Aluminum waste and scrap
United States 165 219 313 654 161 816 311 309 112 735 164 242
France 53 73 161 437 1 513 2 883
United Kingdom 1 2 122 330 1 423 2 189
Cuba 1 183 2 558 828 1 542 2 182 2 160
Other countries 719 1 565 514 860 700 1 097
Total 167 175 317 852 163 441 314 478 118 553 172 571
76.03 Aluminum powders and flakes
United States 1 859 7 054 1 719 6 570 877 3 886
Germany 29 660 28 618 21 450
France 19 84 . . . 4 46 140
Other countries 69 347 21 166 25 191
Total 1 976 8 145 1 768 7 358 969 4 667
7604.10 Aluminum bars, rods and profiles: of aluminum, not alloyed
United States 2 308 16 059 1 933 15 236 1 474 11 997
China 3 238 13 128 4 806 18 464 371 2 427
Malaysia 662 2 725 632 2 572 591 1 973
Germany 130 2 084 144 2 993 30 602
India 2 9 . . . . . . 144 506
Other countries 1 109 6 464 549 3 579 335 1 790
Total 7 449 40 469 8 064 42 844 2 945 19 295
7604.21
to 7604.29		 Aluminum bars, rods and profiles: of aluminum alloys
United States 33 732 182 189 34 328 181 574 25 215 119 704
China 31 272 131 403 29 114 119 337 2 300 9 497
Canada 646 4 640 422 4 398 555 5 152
South Korea 764 3 092 883 3 485 1 658 4 929
Malaysia 128 532 70 261 1 554 4 862
Germany 182 2 486 392 3 120 136 2 314
Indonesia . . . 1 . . . . . . 782 1 953
Brazil 283 1 398 574 2 660 352 1 648
Thailand . . . 1 . . . 3 458 1 489
Taiwan 16 232 12 211 305 1 316
Vietnam 47 225 39 160 384 1 169
India 443 1 746 399 1 476 348 1 068
Austria 231 1 415 154 1 152 83 719
Russia 237 1 294 296 1 612 128 655
France 21 216 38 583 37 637
Italy 180 1 610 170 1 155 67 606
Other countries 1 625 8 244 1 129 7 791 323 2 356
Total 69 807 340 724 68 020 328 978 34 685 160 075
76.05 Aluminum wire
United States 15 942 67 676 13 499 56 394 14 293 48 227
Netherlands 15 61 – – 456 1 148
China 1 625 5 614 38 204 60 289
Spain 62 308 126 736 86 250
United Kingdom 162 737 166 749 93 204
Brazil 326 1 553 44 194 78 171
Bahrain 57 219 40 147 50 157
Other countries 146 720 111 533 66 319
Total 18 335 76 888 14 024 58 957 15 182 50 765
76.06 Aluminum plates, sheets and strip, of a thickness exceeding 0.2 mm
United States 370 566 1 433 743 361 193 1 383 562 260 832 871 591
Germany 5 394 26 490 6 468 31 617 5 847 28 559
China 16 378 60 365 13 377 49 094 5 556 18 819
Greece 3 487 16 218 2 039 9 049 3 225 11 397
South Africa 4 210 18 573 3 677 15 358 3 421 10 780
France 3 202 15 507 2 700 13 315 1 727 7 489
Sweden 1 027 3 766 861 4 026 1 728 5 678
Austria 330 2 001 1 079 5 914 1 152 5 482
Indonesia 3 742 14 105 2 571 9 906 1 782 5 464
Russia 4 893 20 715 3 558 15 039 1 098 4 828
Brazil 962 3 634 823 3 200 1 317 3 983
Switzerland 798 4 545 1 190 7 211 593 3 443
Turkey 1 105 4 217 1 474 5 379 1 069 2 754
Canada 1 146 5 322 1 027 5 147 556 2 739
Romania 352 1 964 368 2 148 485 2 130
Egypt 220 924 216 846 632 2 050
Thailand 811 2 979 484 1 810 503 1 742
Hong Kong 548 2 270 595 2 440 441 1 702
United Kingdom 1 630 8 477 173 1 419 181 1 245
Netherlands 240 1 513 240 1 607 197 1 195
Italy 348 2 007 241 1 593 181 1 088
Other countries 6 045 26 294 2 854 12 836 1 575 5 937
Total 427 434 1 675 629 407 208 1 582 516 294 098 1 000 095
76.07 Aluminum foil not exceeding 0.2 mm
United States 53 609 243 217 50 349 226 055 39 421 170 396
China 3 754 15 881 3 909 17 357 4 043 15 988
Germany 2 974 15 676 2 156 16 389 1 728 15 839
Luxembourg 2 199 10 189 2 765 13 527 2 495 10 810
South Korea 972 4 607 1 771 7 704 1 608 6 128
Spain 599 2 594 752 3 411 1 431 5 293
Croatia 435 4 777 330 3 387 227 2 149
France 844 3 199 814 4 022 401 2 073
Taiwan 430 2 015 410 2 223 264 1 513
Israel 43 792 61 1 116 56 1 007
United Kingdom 483 2 772 51 723 71 882
Switzerland 176 1 897 288 1 915 76 784
Japan 130 913 131 1 006 218 782
Netherlands 123 808 111 809 73 724
Italy 76 685 47 436 77 506
Other countries 1 372 5 612 821 3 154 448 1 725
Total 68 219 315 634 64 766 303 234 52 637 236 599
76.08 Aluminum tubes and pipes
United States 9 407 58 594 8 164 51 512 9 787 46 584
Mexico 544 6 185 175 5 180 50 5 821
United Kingdom 38 1 501 27 2 393 23 4 947
China 5 240 18 965 5 395 19 119 1 085 4 381
South Korea 337 1 387 368 1 503 784 2 459
Singapore 3 1 001 6 1 860 4 1 448
Malaysia 21 134 – – 563 1 436
Japan 463 733 71 739 10 1 320
Indonesia . . . 2 . . . . . . 230 952
Taiwan 34 450 32 333 54 913
Canada 18 570 21 672 14 778
Other countries 223 3 429 166 3 173 208 2 890
Total 16 328 92 951 14 425 86 484 12 812 73 929
76.09 Aluminum tube or pipe fittings
United States 1 293 26 200 1 275 26 609 776 22 877
China 495 2 567 542 2 995 338 2 356
Mexico 25 808 28 1 030 11 890
Taiwan 212 1 396 182 1 499 83 777
India 149 1 124 46 1 048 234 737
Canada 50 423 28 551 10 654
Other countries 104 1 687 159 2 565 114 1 579
Total 2 328 34 205 2 260 36 297 1 566 29 870
  (n.a.) ($000) (n.a.) ($000) (n.a.) ($000)
76.10 Aluminum structures and parts of structures, aluminum plates, rods, profiles, tubes and the like, prepared for use in structures
United States . . 141 634 . . 177 963 . . 158 622
China . . 32 314 . . 37 184 . . 62 940
South Korea . . 1 133 . . 5 620 . . 3 773
Germany . . 1 352 . . 3 216 . . 2 558
Netherlands . . 1 214 . . 1 303 . . 1 933
Italy . . 1 629 . . 2 957 . . 1 899
Switzerland . . 173 . . 59 . . 1 382
Mexico . . 489 . . 463 . . 865
Sweden . . 416 . . 2 847 . . 633
United Kingdom . . 2 881 . . 1 184 . . 610
India . . 310 . . 809 . . 555
Other countries . . 7 256 . . 7 089 . . 3 403
Total . . 190 801 . . 240 694 . . 239 173
  (number) ($000) (number) ($000) (number) ($000)
76.11 Aluminum reservoirs, tanks, vats and similar containers, for any material
United States 4 321 3 425 6 181 3 387 2 872 1 287
Canada 14 2 23 7 422 73
Taiwan 1 . . . 12 1 1 471 17
Other countries 1 504 414 375 30 271 13
Total 5 840 3 841 6 591 3 425 5 036 1 390
76.12 Aluminum casks, drums, cans, boxes and similar containers, for any material
United States 1 850 005 410 206 080 1 388 712 947 213 756 1 504 429 817 266 070
France 54 830 765 7 142 40 577 227 5 667 35 546 331 6 087
Switzerland 1 458 018 851 997 914 911 2 233 292 5 321
China 1 869 662 779 1 996 680 1 530 3 907 745 4 920
Finland 4 587 242 1 840 27 624 898 3 009 50 218 153 3 205
Germany 3 405 482 1 450 1 544 007 880 3 633 805 1 531
Israel 186 180 22 559 175 97 10 021 162 1 365
Other countries 14 473 733 3 571 15 335 289 3 856 10 929 253 2 301
Total 1 930 816 492 221 735 1 477 348 137 229 706 1 620 919 558 290 800
76.13 Aluminum containers for compressed or liquefied gas
United States 2 607 404 19 481 1 964 287 22 107 287 879 16 970
France 2 110 76 1 196 28 3 475 421
Portugal – – – – 3 360 148
Other countries 23 352 289 11 037 312 3 118 171
Total 2 632 866 19 846 1 976 520 22 447 297 832 17 710
  (tonnes) ($000) (tonnes) ($000) (tonnes) ($000)
76.14 Stranded wire, cables, plaited bands and the like, of aluminum, not electrically insulated
United States 668 3 639 1 508 6 162 4 014 12 283
China 20 78 1 12 2 20
Mexico . . . 14 2 23 1 11
Italy – – . . . 5 1 10
Other countries 38 598 1 55 3 20
Total 726 4 329 1 512 6 257 4 021 12 344
  (n.a.) ($000) (n.a.) ($000) (n.a.) ($000)
76.15 Table, kitchen or other household articles and parts thereof, of aluminum
China . . 48 123 . . 63 782 . . 67 022
United States . . 28 167 . . 32 429 . . 36 169
France . . 12 402 . . 9 472 . . 6 718
Thailand . . 9 181 . . 5 752 . . 3 572
Italy . . 8 244 . . 7 512 . . 3 481
India . . 1 729 . . 1 766 . . 1 855
Indonesia . . 1 229 . . 1 792 . . 1 538
Turkey . . 103 . . 715 . . 1 518
South Korea . . 1 428 . . 1 627 . . 1 196
Germany . . 1 033 . . 892 . . 1 131
Taiwan . . 896 . . 934 . . 646
Denmark . . 429 . . 248 . . 610
Other countries . . 2 660 . . 2 331 . . 2 095
Total . . 115 624 . . 129 245 . . 127 551
76.16 Other articles of aluminum
United States . . 220 387 . . 247 323 . . 195 411
China . . 55 458 . . 60 363 . . 47 534
Mexico . . 13 575 . . 11 315 . . 10 521
Germany . . 9 391 . . 9 653 . . 7 395
Canada . . 2 083 . . 3 260 . . 3 491
France . . 2 810 . . 3 470 . . 2 998
Taiwan . . 3 952 . . 3 443 . . 2 942
Italy . . 2 181 . . 2 996 . . 2 918
Hong Kong . . 379 . . 1 990 . . 2 794
Malaysia . . 3 064 . . 3 189 . . 2 571
United Kingdom . . 3 479 . . 3 333 . . 2 503
India . . 1 366 . . 2 735 . . 1 734
Vietnam . . 2 493 . . 2 410 . . 1 387
Japan . . 1 539 . . 1 597 . . 1 050
Czech Republic . . 569 . . 1 481 . . 949
South Korea . . 1 655 . . 1 032 . . 853
Brazil . . 2 382 . . 514 . . 804
Spain . . 799 . . 916 . . 797
Sweden . . 814 . . 680 . . 680
Other countries . . 5 238 . . 7 980 . . 3 616
Total . . 333 614 . . 369 680 . . 292 848
Total imports . . 5 898 998 . . 6 062 068 . . 4 359 169

Sources: Natural Resources Canada; Statistics Canada.
– Nil; . . Not available; . . . Amount too small to be expressed; n.a. Not applicable; (p) Preliminary.

TABLE 2. CANADA, ALUMINUM SMELTER CAPACITY
Company As of December 31, 2009
(t/y)
Alcan Aluminium Inc.
Quebec

Grand-Baie

 215 000

Arvida, Jonquière

 171 000

Alma

 435 000

Shawinigan

 99 000

Beauharnois (1)

 −

Laterrière

 235 000
British Columbia

Kitimat

 277 000
Alcoa Inc.
Quebec

Aluminerie de Baie-Comeau

 392 000

Aluminerie Lauralco Inc., Deschambault

 256 000
Aluminerie de Bécancour Inc.
Quebec

Bécancour

 419 000

Alcoa, 74.95%

Alcan (Pechiney) 25.05%
Aluminerie Alouette Inc.
Quebec

Sept-Îles

 575 000

Alcan, 40%

Aluminium Austria Metall Québec, 20%

Hydro Aluminium, 20%

Société générale de financement du Québec, 13.33%

Marubeni Québec Inc., 6.66%
Total Canadian capacity 3 074 000
Total Alcan, 57.6% 1 766 960
Total Alcoa, 31.2% 962 040
Total other, 11.2% 343 800

Source: Natural Resources Canada.
– Nil.
(1) Closed in mid-2009.

TABLE 3. AVERAGE ALUMINUM PRICES, 1995-2009
Year Month LME Cash Settlement (1)
(US$/t) (US$/lb)
ANNUAL AVERAGES (2)
1995 n. a. 1 806 0.82
1996 n. a. 1 506 0.68
1997 n. a. 1 600 0.73
1998 n. a. 1 358 0.62
1999 n. a. 1 361 0.62
2000 n. a. 1 549 0.70
2001 n. a. 1 444 0.65
2002 n. a. 1 350 0.61
2003 n. a. 1 431 0.65
2004 n. a. 1 716 0.78
2005 n. a. 1 899 0.86
2006 n. a. 2 570 1.17
2007 n. a. 2 638 1.20
2008 n. a. 2 671 1.21
2009 n. a. 1 618 0.73
MONTHLY AVERAGES
2008 January 2 446 1.11
February 2 777 1.26
March 3 005 1.36
April 2 959 1.34
May 2 903 1.32
June 2 958 1.34
July 3 071 1.39
August 2 764 1.25
September 2 526 1.15
October 2 121 0.96
November 1 852 0.84
December 1 490 0.68
2009 January 1 413 0.64
February 1 330 0.60
March 1 336 0.61
April 1 421 0.64
May 1 460 0.66
June 1 574 0.71
July 1 668 0.76
August 1 934 0.88
September 1 834 0.83
October 1 879 0.85
November 1 949 0.88
December 2 180 0.99

Sources: Natural Resources Canada; Metals Week.
n.a. Not applicable.
(1) Highest grade sold. (2) Primary ingots, minimum 99.7% purity.

TABLE 4. AVERAGE ALUMINUM ALLOY (RECYCLED) PRICES, 1995-2009
Year Month LME Alloy (1)
Cash Settlement
(US$/t) (US$/lb)
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1995 n. a. 1 656 0.75
1996 n. a. 1 303 0.59
1997 n. a. 1 461 0.66
1998 n. a. 1 204 0.55
1999 n. a. 1 191 0.54
2000 n. a. 1 217 0.55
2001 n. a. 1 172 0.53
2002 n. a. 1 234 0.56
2003 n. a. 1 400 0.63
2004 n. a. 1 559 0.71
2005 n. a. 1 646 0.75
2006 n. a. 2 290 1.04
2007 n. a. 2 193 0.99
2008 n. a. 2 255 1.02
2009 n. a. 1 457 0.66
MONTHLY AVERAGES
2008 January 2 311 1.05
February 2 504 1.14
March 2 705 1.23
April 2 757 1.25
May 2 665 1.21
June 2 628 1.19
July 2 609 1.18
August 2 457 1.11
September 2 246 1.02
October 1 684 0.76
November 1 362 0.62
December 1 126 0.51
2009 January 1 089 0.49
February 1 092 0.50
March 1 176 0.53
April 1 300 0.59
May 1 226 0.56
June 1 335 0.61
July 1 508 0.68
August 1 746 0.79
September 1 681 0.76
October 1 690 0.77
November 1 751 0.79
December 1 887 0.86

Sources: Natural Resources Canada; Metals Week.
n.a. Not applicable.
(1) Alloy ingots, meeting LME specifications.

TABLE 5. WORLD MINE PRODUCTION OF BAUXITE, 2006-09
Country World Rank in 2008 World Rank in 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009
(000 tonnes)
Australia 1 1 61 781.0 62 398.0 64 038.0 65 231.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 14 15 854.0 866.9 1 018.3 555.8
Brazil 2 3 23 236.3 25 460.7 28 097.5 26 074.0
China 3 2 18 981.0 20 446.0 25 176.0 30 000.0
France n.a. n.a. – – – –
Ghana 17 16 842.0 748.2 796.0 440.0
Greece 12 12 2 163.0 2 125.9 2 176.3 2 091.0
Guinea 5 4 18 784.0 18 519.0 18 400.0 15 600.0
Guyana 13 13 1 479.0 2 243.0 2 109.0 1 485.0
Hungary 20 19 538.3 546.4 511.0 317.0
India 4 6 13 940.0 20 343.0 19 737.0 14 128.0
Indonesia 6 5 9 000.0 16 000.0 18 000.0 15 000.0
Iran 19 18 500.0 520.0 520.0 322.8
Jamaica 7 7 14 865.0 14 568.0 14 363.0 7 817.5
Kazakhstan 10 9 4 883.8 4 942.6 5 160.0 5 130.0
Malaysia 21 20 91.8 156.8 295.2 263.0
Mozambique 25 25 11.1 8.6 5.4 3.6
Pakistan 23 24 8.0 18.1 36.0 25.0
Russia 8 8 6 399.0 6 053.0 5 675.0 5 775.0
Serbia and Montenegro 18 23 659.4 667.1 671.8 45.8
Sierra Leone 15 14 1 071.1 1 169.0 954.0 757.0
Suriname 9 11 4 945.4 5 273.2 5 333.0 3 388.4
Tanzania 24 21 5.4 5.0 20.6 122.9
Turkey 16 17 771.2 863.4 900.0 406.7
United States n.a. n.a. 361.0 – – –
Venezuela 11 10 5 928.0 5 323.0 4 192.0 4 267.0
Vietnam 22 22 60.0 80.0 80.0 80.0
Total world n.a. n.a. 192 159.0 209 345.0 218 794.0 199 327.0
% change from previous year n.a. n.a. 7.7 8.9 4.5 -8.9

Source: International Consultative Group on Nonferrous Metals Statistics.
– Nil; n.a. Not applicable.

TABLE 6. PRODUCTION OF ALUMINA (HYDRATE), 2006-09
Country World Rank in 2008 World Rank in 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009
(000 tonnes)
Australia 2 2 18 312.0 18 884.0 19 446.0 19 939.0
Azerbaijan (1) 22 24 363.0 185.0 165.0 10.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina (1) 19 20 393.6 304.0 294.6 191.8
Brazil 3 3 6 735.0 7 078.0 7 822.0 8 625.0
Canada (1) 13 12 1 477.0 1 454.0 1 370.0 1 125.0
China 1 1 13 256.9 19 453.0 22 788.1 23 793.0
France 16 15 636.0 600.0 572.0 317.0
Germany (1) 12 11 850.0 900.0 900.0 900.0
Greece 15 14 780.0 789.0 771.8 718.8
Hungary (1) 18 18 301.0 301.0 299.0 185.0
India 6 4 3 077.0 3 208.0 3 000.0 3 000.0
Iran 21 17 167.8 194.0 200.0 200.0
Ireland (1) 8 10 1 816.0 1 803.0 1 890.0 1 240.0
Italy (1) 14 21 1 090.0 1 100.0 1 100.0 92.0
Jamaica n.a. n.a. 4 099.5 3 941.0 3 995.0 1 774.0
Japan 17 16 780.0 650.0 600.0 550.0
Kazakhstan 10 7 1 515.0 1 544.5 1 607.8 1 706.0
Romania (1) n.a. 23 622.0 23.0 – 44.0
Russia 5 6 3 265.0 3 333.0 3 112.0 2 794.0
Serbia and Montenegro 20 22 237.0 240.0 220.0 59.0
Suriname n.a. n.a. 2 151.0 2 178.5 2 154.0 1 536.0
Spain 11 9 1 400.0 1 300.0 1 300.0 1 300.0
Turkey (1) 23 19 150.0 163.4 150.0 150.0
Ukraine 9 8 1 672.0 1 656.0 1 673.0 1 524.0
Guinea n.a. n.a. 530.0 526.0 593.0 530.0
United States (2) 4 5 4 696.0 4 236.0 4 298.0 3 068.0
Venezuela 7 13 1 920.0 1 751.0 1 591.3 1 370.0
Total world n.a. n.a. 72 293.0 77 795.0 81 913.0 76 742.0
% change from previous year n.a. n.a. 18.3 7.1 5.0 -6.7

Sources: Natural Resources Canada; International Consultative Group on Nonferrous Metals Statistics.
– Nil; n.a. Not applicable.
(1) Calcined. (2) Calcined alumina equivalent.

TABLE 7. WORLD PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY ALUMINUM, 2005-09
Country World Rank in 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (e)
(000 tonnes)
China 1 7 806 9 358 12 559 13 177 13 000
Russia 2 3 647 3 718 3 955 3 800 3 300
Canada 3 2 894 3 051 3 083 3 120 3 030
Australia 4 1 903 1 929 1 957 1 974 1 974
United States 5 2 481 2 283 2 554 2 658 1 710
Brazil 6 1 498 1 605 1 655 1 661 1 550
India 7 942 1 105 1 222 1 308 1 400
Norway 8 (r) 1 390 1 383 1 362 1 368 1 200
Dubai 9 722 789 890 892 992
Bahrain 10 744 872 866 872 872
South Africa 11 851 895 899 811 800
Iceland 12 272 325 399 760 790
Venezuela 13 624 617 616 608 550
Germany  14 648 516 551 606 520
Mozambique 15 554 563 560 536 500
France 16 438 442 430 432 400
Tajikistan 17 380 414 419 400 400
Spain 18 394 367 405 408 395
Argentina 19 271 273 287 394 395
Netherlands 20 (r) 334 285 297 320 320
New Zealand 21 351 337 351 316 316
Iran 22 232 205 204 248 285
Romania 23 244 258 286 290 270
Egypt 24 244 252 258 260 262
Indonesia 25 252 250 242 243 243
Oman 26 – – – 49 195
Italy 27 193 194 180 186 186
Slovakia 28 158 157 161 163 163
Greece 29 165 165 168 162 162
United Kingdom 30 369 360 365 326 160
Bosnia and Herzegovina 31 131 136 147 156 157
Serbia and Montenegro 32 120 122 135 120 110
Slovenia (1) 33 139 140 125 110 100
Cameroon 34 90 91 87 90 90
Ukraine 35 114 113 113 86 86
Sweden 36 102 102 100 82 82
Azerbaijan 37 32 32 39 62 62
Turkey 38 59 60 63 60 60
Poland 39 54 56 58 47 46
Ghana 40 13 76 13 9 9
Japan 41 6 6 6 7 7
Total world n.a. (r) 31 938 33 892 38 101 38 759 36 392
% change from previous year n.a. 6.7 6.0 12.4 2.5 -6.1

Sources: International Consultative Group on Nonferrous Metals Statistics; media reports; International Aluminum Association.
– Nil; (e) Estimated; n.a. Not applicable; (r) Revised.
Note: Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding.