Common Units of Measurement and Abbreviations Used

$/t dollars per tonne
¢/ct cents per carat
¢/lb cents per pound
£ pounds sterling
A.D. after death
Ag silver
Al aluminum
Al2O3 aluminum oxide
Alta. Alberta
Au gold
B.C. British Columbia
Bi bismuth
BOF basic oxygen furnace
C$ Canadian dollars
C&F cost and freight
C. concentrator
CARI Canadian Association of Recycling Industries
cat. catalogue
CCS carbon capture and storage
Cd cadmium
cfr or c.f.r. cost and freight delivered rail of vessel
Co cobalt
Co. Company
CO2 carbon dioxide
Con. Fac. conversion facility  
Corp. Corporation
CPI Consumer Price Index
Cs cesium
ct carats
ct/t carats per tonne
ct/y carats per year
Cu copper
D.C. District of Columbia
dmtu dry metric tonne units
DRI direct reduced iron
e.g. for example
EAF electric arc furnace
EOR enhanced oil recovery
f.o.b. free on board
Fe iron
Fe2O3 hematite
Fe3O4 magnetite
ft feet
g grams
g/t grams per tonne
GDP Gross Domestic Product
Ge germanium
H2SO4 sulphuric acid
ha hectares
HF hydrofluoric acid
HS Harmonized System
i.e. that is
ICSG International Copper Study Group
ILZSG International Lead and Zinc Study Group
In indium
inc. incorporée
Inc. Incorporated or Incorporée
INSG International Nickel Study Group 
IOP iron ore pelletizing
K2O potassium oxide
KCl potassium chloride
kg kilograms
kgU kilograms of uranium
KL potash leases
km kilometres
km2 square kilometres 
KP Kimberley Process
KP potash permits
KPCS Kimberley Process Certification Scheme
lb pounds
Li lithium
LME London Metal Exchange
Ltd. Limited
Ltée Limitée
ltée limitée
m metres
Man. Manitoba
Mct million carats
Mct/y million carats per year
mg milligrams
Mg magnesium
mm millimetres
Mo molybdenum
MOP muriate of potash
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
Mt million tonnes
Mt/y million tonnes per year
MW megawatts
N.B. New Brunswick
n.e.s. not elsewhere specified
N.L. Newfoundland and Labrador
N.S. Nova Scotia
N.W.T. Northwest Territories
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
NAICS North American Industry Classification System
Nb niobium
NI National Instrument
Ni nickel
No. or no. number
OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
Ont. Ontario
oz ounces
oz/y ounces per year
p. page
P. open-pit mine
P.E.I. Prince Edward Island
P.M. afternoon
Pb lead
PbCO3 cerussite
PbS lead sulphide
PbSO4 anglesite
PCI pulverized coal injection
PDCs polycrystalline diamond compacts
PDSs polycrystalline diamond shapes
PGM platinum group metals
Pl. plant
PM precious metals
Proc. Pl. processing plant
Pt platinum
PVC polyvinyl chloride
q/q quarter-over-quarter
Que. Quebec
Rb rubidium
Ref. refinery
S* liquid sulphur dioxide, sulphuric acid
SAF sulphur in all forms
Sask. Saskatchewan
Sb antimony
Se selenium
Sec. Sm. secondary smelter
Sm. smelter
Sn tin
SOF sulphur in other forms
st short tons
st/y short tons per year
t tonnes
t/d tonnes per day
t/y tonnes per year
Ta tantalum
Te tellurium
TSX Toronto Stock Exchange
TSXV TSX Venture Exchange
tU tonnes of uranium metal
tU/y tonnes of uranium per year
Twp. Township
U uranium
U. underground mine
U.K. United Kingdom
U.S. United States
U3O8 uranium concentrate
UF6 uranium hexafluoride
UO2 uranium dioxide
UO3 uranium trioxide
US$ U.S. dollars
US$/t U.S. dollars per tonne
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
W tungsten
y/y year-over-year
Zn zinc